预防接种是防治传染病的有效措施之一。由于广泛推行预防接种导致传染病发病率的迅速降低,如麻疹、灰质炎、百日咳和白喉等,但流行性腮腺炎的发病则见上升。经过严密的现场实验表明,流行性腮腺炎活疫苗的反应性是中等的,它具有很高的预防效果(效果指数平均85～95％)。流行性腮腺炎是通过空气飞沫传播的。资料表明,14岁以下儿童的流行性腮腺炎发病占总发病的95～96％。在感染者中仅部分人出现典型的临床表现,如苏联每年登记腮腺炎病例800,000～850,000名,其中18～20％居民有典型的临床表现。1966～ Vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent and control infectious diseases. The incidence of mumps has risen due to the rapid reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases, such as measles, catarrh, pertussis and diphtheria, due to the widespread introduction of vaccination. After rigorous field experiments show that the live mumps vaccine reactivity is moderate, it has a very high preventive effect (average effect index of 85 to 95%). Mumps is spread through the air droplets. Data show that the incidence of mumps in children under 14 years of age accounted for 95 to 96% of the total incidence. Only a few of the infected people show typical clinical manifestations. For example, in the United States, 800,000 to 850,000 mumps cases are registered each year. Among them, 18 to 20% of residents have typical clinical manifestations. 1966 ~