居民居住形成的区域是社会最基本的单元。其管理应该是公共性、自治性的。从社会结构看，居民自治、村民自治这一块不发育，完全以政府行为来实现杜区管理边际效能，成本相当高昂，在社会调控层级结构上，也是残缺不全的。 居委会的职能到底是什么？可以有两种理路：一是自上而 The area inhabited by residents is the most basic unit of society. Its management should be public and autonomy. From the perspective of social structure, the self-government of residents and the self-government of villagers are underdeveloped. It is quite cost-effective to realize the marginal efficiency of management in the Du district entirely by government action. It is also incomplete in the hierarchical structure of social regulation. What is the function of neighborhood committees? There are two ways: First, from the top