论文部分内容阅读
遗址资源域分析是研究古代人地关系演变的重要方法。通过运用这种方法,在山东青岛市东部的丁字湾-鳌山湾沿岸19处史前早期(距今约6200~5700年前)遗址进行了深入的遗址资源域调查和分析。调查方法是参照西方同类研究的做法,从遗址中心出发,向不同方向步行1小时路程,沿途详细考察并记录地层堆积和自然资源分布信息,以及体能消耗情况。在此基础上,并运用泰森多边形分析法,讨论这些遗址获取生存资源的范围,并就人地关系演变得出了如下认识:1)这些遗址中约有13处独立的定居聚落,其中10处位于当时的沿海地带,其余3处位于山地之中,5处沿海聚落还各自拥有另外1个附属性聚落作为季节性捕捞或狩猎的营地,以获取足够的自然资源;2)这13处定居聚落都拥有自己的资源域,大致为从聚落出发1小时路程去圈定的地域范围,面积一般为20~30km~2,半径一般为2.5~3.5km,沿海聚落到达海边的距离普遍不超过1km;3)资源域内的自然资源比较丰富,聚落所需大多数生存资源都取自这一范围,开发和利用这些资源的经济模式基本一致,可概括为采捞-狩猎为主的模式,农业的比例较小,作为采捞和狩猎对象的野生动植物主要来自聚落周围的海边和山地中;4)这些定居聚落对生存资源的开发和利用是比较充分的,即这一时期的人地关系整体是比较和谐的,这应该是该地区史前早期遗址数量众多,从而构成该地区整个史前时期聚落和人口最繁荣阶段的原因所在。
The analysis of the ruins resource area is an important method to study the evolution of the relationship between ancient people. By using this method, an in-depth investigation and analysis of the site resources of 19 sites prehistoric (about 6200 ~ 5700 years ago) in Tingsi Bay - Aoshan Bay along the eastern part of Qingdao, Shandong Province, were conducted. The survey method is based on the practice of similar studies in the West. From the center of the site, walk in a different direction for 1 hour. Investigate and record formation accumulation, distribution of natural resources and physical fitness consumption along the way. On this basis, and using the method of Thiessen polygon analysis, we discuss the scope of living resources for these sites and make the following understandings about the evolution of human-earth relations: 1) There are about 13 independent settlements in these sites, of which 10 Located in the then coastal zone, the remaining three are in the mountains and the five coastal settlements each have an additional ancillary settlement as a seasonal fishing or hunting camp in order to obtain sufficient natural resources; 2) The 13 settlements The settlements all have their own resources. The area ranges from about 1 hour to the delineation. The area is generally 20-30km ~ 2 and the radius is 2.5 ~ 3.5km. The distance from the coastal settlement to the sea is generally less than 1km. 3) The natural resources in the resource area are rich, and most living resources needed for the settlement are taken from this range. The economic models for the development and utilization of these resources are basically the same, which can be summarized as the mode of harvest-hunting, and the proportion of agriculture The smaller animals and plants that are the target of harvesting and hunting come mainly from the seaside and mountainous areas surrounding the settlements. 4) These settled settlements are adequate for the development and utilization of living resources, that is, people in this period The overall relationship is more harmonious, which should be the reason for the large number of prehistoric prehistoric sites in the area that make up the entire prehistoric settlement and the most prosperous stage of the population.