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持续的每年超过10亿的儿童高死亡率源于一些可预防性疾病,如腹泻、肺炎、麻疹、疟疾等以及一小部分可导致新生儿死亡的原因。研究人员对各种可在低收入阶层广泛施行的儿童生存干预措施进行了审议,并将其分为三级。1级:足够的有效证据;2级:有限的证据;3级:证据不足。研究结果表明,除可用2级干预新生儿窒息外,对5岁以下儿童死亡的主要死因均至少可用一种1级干预措施加以预防或治疗。其他一些干预也有一定的效果。但大多数干预的全球普及率还不到50%。如果1级或2级干预能被普遍推广,就可避免63%的儿童死亡。实现2015年儿童死亡率降低2/3的新世纪发展目标所需的干预手段已经具备,但尚未完全提供给有需求的母亲和儿童。
The persistent high mortality rate of more than 1 billion children per year stems from a number of preventable diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, malaria and a small percentage of causes of neonatal death. Researchers examined various child survival interventions that are widely available at lower income levels and are divided into three levels. Level 1: Adequate valid evidence; Level 2: Limited evidence; Level 3: Insufficient evidence. The results of the study showed that, except for grade 2 interventions for neonatal asphyxia, the primary cause of death for children under 5 years of age is at least one level 1 intervention that can be prevented or treated. Other interventions also have some effect. However, the global penetration of most interventions is less than 50%. If Level 1 or 2 interventions are widely available, 63% of child deaths can be avoided. The interventions needed to achieve the new Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available but not yet fully available to needy mothers and children.