恶性疟至今仍是一种严重危害人类健康和生命安全的寄生虫病。不同地区的恶性疟原虫(P.f)在形态上虽未见明显特征,但各地恶性疟在流行病学、临床表现、免疫学特征、药敏性、易感媒介蚊种等方面确实存在明显区别。阐明P.f的种内差异及其本质,对认识该原虫抗药性产生和传播的机制,研制保护性疟疾疫苗及进行P.f的种下分类等,都有重要的理论和实际意义。 Plasmodium falciparum is still a parasitic disease seriously endangering human health and life. Although there are no obvious morphological features of P.falciparum in different areas, there is a clear difference in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, immunological characteristics, drug sensitivity and susceptible mosquito species of P. falciparum. Clarifying the intraspecific differences and their essence of P.f has an important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the mechanism of the emergence and spread of drug resistance of this protozoan, developing a protective malaria vaccine and classifying P.f.