“三级预防”是近些年提出来的带有方向性的预防医学概念。其基本内涵是消除病因(第一级预防),早期发现病损(第二级预防)和患者的治疗与康复(第三级预防)。这个概念适用于所有疾病的预防。由于各种疾病的预防手段不同,在运用这个概念时,各有其不同的内涵。本文着重讨论厂矿常见病——职业病和工作相关疾病的“三级预防”概念,供厂矿的医务工作者参考。一、厂矿“三级预防”的内涵厂矿企业,是物质生产的重要基地。存在着各种各样的对人群健康有影响的有害因素,包括(生产过程中产生的)化学、物理和生物因素;劳动组织和休息制度不合理产生的有害因素;人机工程不优化和 “Three-level prevention ” is proposed in recent years with the concept of preventive medicine. Its basic connotation is to eliminate the cause (primary prevention), early detection of lesions (secondary prevention) and patient treatment and rehabilitation (tertiary prevention). This concept applies to the prevention of all diseases. Due to the different means of prevention of various diseases, they have different connotations in applying this concept. This article focuses on the common factory disease - occupational diseases and work-related diseases, “tertiary prevention” concept, for the reference of medical workers in factories and mines. First, factories and mines “Three levels of prevention ” connotation Factory enterprises, is an important base for material production. There are a variety of harmful factors that have an impact on the health of the population, including chemical, physical and biological factors (produced during the production process); unwanted and harmful factors in the labor organization and rest system; ergonomic optimization and