AIM:To present a series of covered self-expandable metal stents(CSEMS) placed for different indications and to evaluate the effectiveness,complications and extractability of these devices.METHODS:We therefore retrospectively reviewed the courses of patients who received CSEMS due to malignant as well as benign biliary strictures and postsphincterotomy bleeding in our endoscopic unit between January 2010 and October 2011.RESULTS:Twenty-six patients received 28 stents due to different indications(20 stents due to malignant biliary strictures,six stents due to benign biliary strictures and two stents due to post-sphincterotomy bleeding).Biliary obstruction was relieved in all cases,regardless of the underlying cause.Hemostasis could be achieved in the two patients who received the stents for this purpose.Complications occurred in five patients(18%).Two patients(7%) developed cholecystitis,stents dislocated/migrated in other two patients(7%),and in one patient(3.6%) stent occlusion was documented during the study period.Seven stents were extracted endoscopically.Removal of stents was easily possible in all cases in which it was desired using standard forceps.Twelve patients underwent surgery with pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy.In all patients stents could be removed during the operation without difficulties.CONCLUSION:Despite the higher costs of these devices,fully covered self-expanding metal stents may be suitable to relief biliary obstruction due to bile duct stenosis,regardless of the underlying cause.CSEMS may also represent an effective treatment strategy of severe post-sphincterotomy bleeding,not controlled by other measures. AIM: To present a series of covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS) placed for different indications and to evaluate the effectiveness, complications and extractability of these devices. METHODS: We therefore retrospectively reviewed the courses of patients who received CSEMS due to malignant as well as benign biliary strictures and postsphincterotomy bleeding in our endoscopic unit between January 2010 and October 2011.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients received 28 stents due to different indications (20 stents due to malignant biliary strictures, six stents due to benign biliary strictures and two stents due to post-sphincterotomy bleeding). Biliary obstruction was relieved in all cases, regardless of the underlying cause. Hemostasis could be achieved in the two patients who received the stents for this purpose. Applications occurred in five patients (18%). Two patients (7%) developed cholecystitis, stents dislocated / migrated in other two patients (7%), and in one patient (3.6%) stent occlusion was doc Sected stents were extracted endoscopically. Removal of stents was easily possible in all cases in which it was desired using standard forceps. Welve patients underwent surgery with pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy. In all patients stents could be removed during the operation without difficulties.CONCLUSION: Despite the higher costs of these devices, fully covered self-expanding metal stents may be suitable to relief biliary obstruction due to bile duct stenosis, regardless of the underlying cause. CSEMS may also represent an effective treatment strategy of severe post- sphincterotomy bleeding, not controlled by other measures.