Numerous surgical modalities are available to treat adrenal lesions. Minimally-invasive approaches for adrenalectomy are indicated in most circumstances, and new evidence continues to be accumulated. In this context, current indications for open surgical adrenalectomy(OS-A), minimally-invasive adrenalectomy(MI-A), and laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy(LESS-A) remain unclear. A comprehensive Englishlanguage literature review was performed using MEDLINE/Pub MED to identify articles and guidelines pertinent to the surgical management of adrenal tumors. A comprehensive chart review was performed for three illustrative cases. Clinical recommendations were generated based on relevant literature and the expertise of the investigator group. MI-A offers advantages over OS-A in properly selected patients, who experience fewer complications, lower blood loss, and shorter hospital stays. Robot-assisted laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy may offer advantages over transperitoneal surgery, and LESS-A may be an even less-invasive option that will require further evaluation. MI-A remains the surgical treatment of choice for most adrenal lesions. Tumor size and stage are the primary indications for selecting alternative treatment modalities. OS-A remains the gold standard for large tumors(> 10 cm) and suspected or known advanced stage malignancy. LESS-A appears to be an appropriate initial approach for small tumors(< 4-5 cm), including pheochromocytoma and isolated adrenal metastases. Minimally-invasive approaches for adrenalectomy are indicated in most cases, and new evidence continues to be accumulated. In this context, current indications for open surgical adrenalectomy (OS-A), minimally-invasive adrenalectomy A comprehensive Englishlanguage literature review was performed using MEDLINE / Pub MED to identify articles and guidelines pertinent to the surgical management of adrenal tumors. A comprehensive chart review (MI-A), and laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy (LESS-A) remain unclear. Clinical recommendations were generated based on relevant literature and the expertise of the investigator group. MI-A offers advantages over OS-A in properly selected patients, who experience fewer complications, lower blood loss, and shorter hospital stays . Robot-assisted laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy may offer advantages over transperi Tumor size and stage are the primary indications for salient alternative treatment modalities. OS -A remains the gold standard for large tumors (> 10 cm) and suspected or known advanced stage malignancy. LESS-A appears to be an appropriate initial approach for small tumors (<4-5 cm), including pheochromocytoma and isolated adrenal metastases.