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近年来,超分子凝胶已逐渐发展为一类具有广阔应用前景的智能/功能性纳米材料。目前研究的大部分超分子凝胶利用的是氢键或者分子堆积作用,而配位键这一在超分子化学中同样重要的作用在凝胶合成上的应用则远远不足。由于引入金属离子后能够给凝胶带来光电、催化、氧化还原等新的性能,因此超分子金属凝胶的研究也在近年来得到升温。本文首先给出超分子金属凝胶的定义,接着通过实例具体介绍基于凝胶因子和配位聚合物两种形式的超分子金属凝胶,将分子结构特别是其中的配体基团、所用金属离子和凝胶的性质、功能联系起来,最后简介异常的超分子金属凝胶行为。
In recent years, supramolecular gels have evolved into a class of intelligent / functional nanomaterials with broad application prospects. Most of the currently studied supramolecular gels utilize either hydrogen bonding or molecular stacking, and the application of coordination bonds, an equally important function in supramolecular chemistry, to gel synthesis is far from adequate. Since the introduction of metal ions can bring new properties such as photoelectricity, catalysis and redox to the gel, the research of supramolecular metal gels has also been heated up in recent years. In this paper, the definition of supramolecular metal gels is given first. Then we introduce two types of supramolecular metal gels based on gel factor and coordination polymer. The molecular structures, especially the ligands, The nature and function of ions and gels are linked, and finally the abnormal behavior of supramolecular metal gels is introduced.