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通过土培盆栽试验,研究了22份大麦材料在低氮(125 mg·kg-1)和正常氮(250mg·kg-1)处理下氮素吸收利用效率的基因型差异,探讨氮高效大麦干物质生产与氮素积累特性.结果表明:大麦氮素吸收利用效率基因型差异显著.低氮处理下籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率及氮素收获指数的最高值分别是最低值的2.87、2.92、2.47倍;氮高效基因型大麦籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素收获指数均显著大于低效基因型,低氮处理下高效基因型3个参数较低效基因型分别高82.1%、61.5%和50.5%.氮高效基因型大麦各生育期干物质和氮素积累优势明显,干物质积累高峰出现在拔节-抽穗阶段,氮素积累高峰出现在拔节前;低氮处理下高效基因型典型材料DH61、DH121+的干物质量较低效基因型典型材料DH80分别高34.4%、38.3%,氮素积累量较DH80分别高54.8%、58.0%.供试大麦干物质和氮素的阶段性积累量对籽粒产量的影响为拔节前最大,且低氮处理下贡献率最高,分别为47.9%和54.7%;而干物质和氮素的阶段性积累量对氮素籽粒生产效率的影响在抽穗-成熟阶段最大,其次是播种-拔节阶段,低氮处理下这两个阶段的贡献率分别为29.5%、48.7%和29.0%、15.8%.氮高效基因型大麦在各生育期的物质生产和氮素积累能力强,低氮处理下优势较为明显,能够提高拔节前干物质生产和氮素积累能力,并协同提高大麦产量和氮素利用效率.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the genotypic difference of nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of 22 barley cultivars under low nitrogen (125 mg · kg -1) and normal nitrogen (250 mg · kg -1) Material production and nitrogen accumulation.The results showed that the genotypes of nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of barley were significantly different.The highest values of grain yield, nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index under low nitrogen treatments were the lowest values of 2.87 and 2.92 , 2.47 times respectively. The grain yield, nitrogen production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of nitrogen-efficient genotype barley were significantly higher than those of inefficient genotype. Under the low nitrogen treatment, the three genotypes of high genotype efficiency were 82.1% 61.5% and 50.5% respectively.Non-efficient genotypes of barley had obvious advantages in accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen at different growth stages, dry matter accumulation peak appeared at jointing-heading stage and nitrogen accumulation peak appeared before jointing stage. Typical materials DH61 and DH121 + had a higher dry matter content of 34.4% and 38.3%, respectively, and their nitrogen accumulation was 54.8% and 58.0% higher than that of DH80, respectively. The dry matter and nitrogen stage of barley Accumulate the amount of grain The effects of yield were the maximum before jointing and the highest contribution rate was 47.9% and 54.7% under low nitrogen treatment respectively. The effect of staged accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen on nitrogen grain production efficiency was at heading-maturing stage , Followed by sowing-jointing stage, the contribution rates of these two stages were 29.5%, 48.7%, 29.0% and 15.8% under the low nitrogen treatment respectively.The material production and nitrogen accumulation of nitrogen-efficient genotype barley at each growth stage Strong ability, more obvious under the low nitrogen treatment, can improve dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation ability before jointing, and synergistically improve barley yield and nitrogen use efficiency.