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目的比较免疫法检测结核抗体与痰涂片镜检法找结核杆菌,评价其方法学的优越性。方法应用结核分枝杆菌抗体(Ig G)试剂盒检测结核Ig G抗体和痰涂片镜检法找结核杆菌,并对结果进行分析。结果血清结核抗体诊断结核病的敏感性为64.4%(143/222),特异性为98.5%(197/200),阳性预测值为97.9%(143/146),阴性预测值为71.4%(197/276),抗酸菌涂片镜检法敏感性为16.2%(36/222),血清结核抗体的敏感性显著高于抗酸菌涂片镜检法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在结核病组中,痰涂片阳性患者,血清结核抗体阳性率为83.3%(30/36);痰涂片阴性患者,血清结核抗体阳性率为60.8%(113/186)。结论血清结核抗体诊断结核病,具有快速、简便,敏感性高和特异性较强等优点,是临床早期诊断结核病的有效方法。
Objective To compare the immunological detection of tuberculosis antibody and sputum smear microscopy to find Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to evaluate the superiority of its methodology. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was detected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody (Ig G) kit, tuberculosis Ig G antibody and sputum smear microscopy, and the results were analyzed. Results The sensitivity of TB antibody in diagnosis of tuberculosis was 64.4% (143/222), the specificity was 98.5% (197/200), the positive predictive value was 97.9% (143/146) and the negative predictive value was 71.4% (197 / 276). The sensitivity of antibacterial smear microscopy was 16.2% (36/222), the sensitivity of serum TB antibody was significantly higher than that of acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy (P <0.05) . In the tuberculosis group, the positive rate of serum TB antibody was 83.3% (30/36) in sputum smear positive patients and 60.8% (113/186) in sputum smear negative patients. Conclusions Serum TB antibody can be used to diagnose tuberculosis. It is fast, simple, sensitive and specific. It is an effective method to diagnose TB early in clinic.