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为探明豫西半干旱地区烤烟氮肥合理施用方式,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同施氮量和不同基追肥比例对豫西半干旱地区烤烟农艺性状、产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明,相同施氮方式下随着施氮量的增加,烤烟的农艺性状各指标、干物质积累和产量均有增加趋势,相同施氮量不同氮肥施用方式相比,以基肥加追肥的方式好于全部基施。相同施氮量不同氮基追肥比例下的经济性状比较,产量以氮肥基∶追=1∶1的方式较高,其中氮肥85.2kg/hm2即N3(1∶1)产量达3 265.5kg/hm2;从产值和上等烟比例分析,相同施氮量不同氮肥施用方式之间相比以基∶追=3∶1的方式较高,其中氮肥60kg/hm2即N2(3∶1)处理产值达38 085.0元/hm2,上等烟比例达25.8%,均价为13.95元/kg。相同基追比例下,N3水平与氮肥37.5kg/hm2即N1水平之间叶片净光合速率差异显著,而N2和N3水平间差异则不显著。综合来看,在豫西半干旱地区,烤烟施氮量以60kg/hm2,施用方式以基∶追=3∶1为宜。
In order to find out the rational application mode of nitrogen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco in the semi-arid area of western Henan, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different N rates and top-dressing ratios on flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters, yield and photosynthetic characteristics in the semi-arid area of western Henan. The results showed that the indexes of agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and yield of flue-cured tobacco tended to increase with the increase of nitrogen application under the same nitrogen application rate. Compared with the same nitrogen application rate, Better than all basic facilities. The results showed that the yield of nitrogenous fertilizer was higher when nitrogenous fertilizer was chased = 1: 1, and the yield of nitrogenous fertilizer N 3 (1: 1) was 3 265.5kg / hm 2 ; From the analysis of the output value and the superior tobacco ratio, the nitrogen application rate was higher than that between the different nitrogen application ways by the base: chase = 3: 1, and the output value of nitrogen fertilizer 60kg / hm2, N2 (3:1) 38 085.0 yuan / hm2, the finest smoke reached 25.8%, the average price of 13.95 yuan / kg. Under the same basal-topdressing ratio, the net photosynthetic rate of N3 was significantly different from that of N-37.5kg / hm2, ie N1, while the difference between N2 and N3 was not significant. Taken together, in the semi-arid areas of western Henan, the nitrogen application rate of flue-cured tobacco was 60kg / hm2.