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目的通过分析造船坞职业病危害及其关键控制点,探讨其适用的防护对策和管理措施,为造船坞职业病危害防控提供依据。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测和检查表分析等方法综合评判关键控制点及其防护措施。结果造船坞存在化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、高温、电焊弧光、振动和X射线等职业病危害因素;焊工接触的电焊烟尘和二氧化锰浓度超标率为47.4%;补漆工接触的甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯浓度超标率分别为16.7%、41.7%和33.3%;工作场所噪声强度超标率为97.6%;其他危害因素均低于职业接触限值。结论造船坞职业病危害关键控制岗位为焊工、打磨工、补漆工和探伤工,应采取综合防控措施控制有害因素。
Objective To analyze the applicable protective measures and management measures by analyzing the hazards and key control points of shipbuilding docks, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in shipbuilding docks. Methods The methods of occupational health investigation, occupational hazards detection and checklist analysis were used to evaluate the critical control points and their protective measures. Results The shipyard was exposed to occupational hazards such as chemical poisons, dust, noise, high temperature, welding arc, vibration and X-ray. The over-standard rate of welding fume and manganese dioxide in contact with welders was 47.4%. The contact paints of toluene, xylene and The over-standard rates of ethylbenzene concentration were 16.7%, 41.7% and 33.3% respectively. The over-standard rate of noise intensity in the workplace was 97.6%. Other hazards were lower than the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The key control posts of shipwreck occupational hazards are welders, sanding workers, paint remover and flaw detector. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control the harmful factors.