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尚在罗马时代贺拉兹[Horaz]这样谈起荷马[Homer],他“比克吕西甫[Chrysipp]和克冉托尔[Crantor][Crantor,柏拉图学园的学生]更清楚更好地谈论什么是美的,什么是不美的,什么是有益的,什么是无益的。”这样,荷马是作为SOPHOS[智慧的传人]——而非诗人。这里所涉及的是黑格尔[Hegel]称为“绝对判断”的东西。荷马以卓绝的方式将之给予他的时代去思考,为他的时代而演历它。行吟诗人并非对个人而言说,他对共同体整体而言说。这就已经把他的话语从某种单纯的传达中提取出来。每个人都会传达,可是不会荷马的吟唱[Gesange]。诗篇表达言说者的不同的神韵,甚至也[体现]在行吟诗人单纯的重复之中。离却日常,那把人连同他的烦恼固定在其“朝生暮死”的特征中的日常,将之系缚于岁月变迁的日常。
Still in Roman times Horaz spoke of Homer more clearly and better than his “Chrysippus” and “Crantor” [Crantor] Talk about what is beautiful, what is not beautiful, what is helpful, and what is useless. “” Homer is SOPHOS - a poet of wisdom. What is involved here is what Hegel called “absolute judgment.” Homer gave his age an extraordinary way to think, to go about his age. The troubadour does not speak to an individual, he says to the community as a whole. This has extracted his discourse from some simple communication. Everyone can tell, but not Homer’s song [Gesange]. Psalms convey the different charm of the speaker, and even [reflect] in the simple repetition of the bard. Separated from daily life, the man who, with his troubles, fixed himself in the daily life and death characteristics, tied it to the day-to-day changes.