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半导体团簇可以从微观层次揭示半导体材料的物化性质以及结构过渡等特点,引起了人们的广泛关注.14族半导体团簇的研究为半导体材料在电子器件的开发和应用带来了新的机遇.综述了近年来在合金材料、量子点和表面活性剂辅助的晶体均相和异相外延生长等方面展开的基础研究和应用研究工作.报道了14族半导体团簇的形成、尺寸分布和幻数特征,对比了目前用于研究这类团簇的主要手段和方法.同时结合实验和理论研究结果,进一步分析了该类团簇的性质、电子结构、几何结构、光解离、光电离和光剥离等特点.最后从研究体系、探测手段、理论研究和应用等方面对这类团簇的研究进行了展望.
Semiconductor clusters have attracted people’s attention due to their physical and chemical properties at the microscopic level and structural transitions, etc. The research on group 14 semiconductor clusters has brought new opportunities for the development and application of semiconductor materials in electronic devices. In this paper, the basic and applied researches on homogeneous and out-of-phase epitaxial growth assisted by alloy materials, quantum dots and surfactant have been reviewed in this paper.The formation, size distribution and magic number of group 14 semiconductor clusters have been reported Characteristics, the main methods and methods currently used to study such clusters are contrasted.At the same time, the properties of the clusters, electronic structure, geometric structure, photolysis, photoionization and photodisruption are further analyzed based on the experimental and theoretical results Etc. Finally, the research on this kind of cluster is prospected from the aspects of research system, exploration methods, theoretical research and application.