论文部分内容阅读
补偿性赔偿和惩罚性赔偿是侵权损害赔偿的两种方式。美国最高法院认为,补偿性赔偿和惩罚性赔偿的区别在于两者的目的不同,补偿性赔偿旨在填补受害人受到的损害,惩罚性赔偿是为了惩罚加害人,威慑及遏制类似行为的发生。在埃克森美孚案中,美国最高法院维护了惩罚性赔偿额度的比例原则,即在侵权案件中,惩罚性赔偿的上限不能超过补偿性赔偿的一定比例。文章将以埃克森美孚案为重点,考察美国最高法院对惩罚性赔偿额度的看法及比例原则的历史发展。
Compensation and punitive damages are two ways of compensation for damages. The Supreme Court of the United States believes that the difference between compensatory damages and punitive damages lies in the different purposes of the two. The compensatory damages are intended to cover the victims’ damages and the punitive damages are to punish the perpetrators for deterrence and contain similar acts. In the ExxonMobil case, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the principle of proportionality in the amount of punitive damages, that is, in infringement cases, the maximum amount of punitive damages can not exceed a certain percentage of compensatory damages. The article will focus on the ExxonMobil case to examine the view of the Supreme Court of the United States on the amount of punitive damages and the historical development of the principle of proportionality.