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细胞上存在两种三磷酸腺苷敏感性钾(KATP)通道,一是位于细胞膜上的ATP敏感的钾通道;二是位于线粒体膜上的ATP敏感的钾通道。KATP通道广泛存在于各种脑区,若给予KATP开放剂则可以使其开放发挥对脑的保护作用。越来越多的研究表明,KATP通道在脑缺氧缺血等病理状态下被激活开放,使大量K+外流,细胞膜超极化,从而使Na+、Ca2+内流减少,避免或减轻钙超载、减少能耗、减轻兴奋性氨基酸及氧自由基释放,保护脑细胞。
There are two kinds of adenosine triphosphate (KATP) -sensitive potassium (KATP) channels on the cell, one is the ATP-sensitive potassium channel located on the cell membrane and the other is the ATP-sensitive potassium channel located on the mitochondrial membrane. KATP channels are found in a wide range of brain regions and can be opened up to protect the brain if given KATP opener. More and more studies have shown that KATP channels are activated and opened up under pathological conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic attacks, which cause a large amount of K + efflux and hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, thereby reducing Na + and Ca2 + influx, avoiding or reducing calcium overload and reducing Energy consumption, reduce excitatory amino acids and oxygen free radicals, protect the brain cells.