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1987年11月1日颁布的《美国联邦量刑指南》旨在通过制定统一的量刑制度来消除各地区之间巨大的刑罚裁量差异,保证法律的公平公正。但由于其极大地限制了法官的自由裁量权,遭到了学界和司法界的反对。在实施了17年后,联邦最高法院于2005年裁定量刑指南违宪,量刑指南由“强制适用”变为“参考性适用”。但是量刑指南仍然发挥着重要的作用。研究量刑指南的现状不仅有助于了解美国刑事量刑制度的发展现状,同时也为完善中国的量刑制度提供了经验。
The United States Sensible Sentencing Guidelines, promulgated on November 1, 1987, aims at eliminating the drastic discrepancies in the discretion of different regions and ensuring the fairness and justice of the law through the establishment of a unified sentencing system. However, it has been opposed by academics and the judiciary because of its extremely limited judge’s discretion. After 17 years of implementation, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in 2005 that the sentencing guidelines were unconstitutional and the guidelines for sentencing changed from “Mandatory ” to “Reference ”. However, sentencing guidelines still play an important role. Studying the status quo of the sentencing guidelines not only helps to understand the status quo of the development of the criminal sentencing system in the United States, but also provides experiences for improving the sentencing system in China.