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【目的】研究该地区引种樱桃的开花生物学和授粉坐果特性,为该地区樱桃栽培过程中品种选择和授粉树配置提供科学参考。【方法】以南疆地区引种的中亚大樱桃和甜樱桃为研究对象,通过人工调查和辅助授粉方法,调查和测定各品种开花物候、花粉活力、柱头可授性和自然、自花授粉以及不同组合间授粉的坐果结实特性。【结果】樱桃各品种花期物候较一致,中亚大樱桃比甜樱桃花期提早2~4 d;中亚大樱桃花粉在采集保存4 d后仍保持较高的生活力;供试各品种自花结实率低,除拉宾斯、红灯外,均属自花不结实类型;供试各品种自然结实率较高,除萨米脱外,坐果率均在20%以上,且中亚大樱桃自然授粉坐果率均在35%以上;授粉组合以中亚大樱桃‘YT07-2-1’和‘YT07-2-2’做父本时,各组合的坐果率较高,其中以中亚大樱桃3个品种做父本,拉宾斯做母本时,坐果率均在25%之上。【结论】‘YT07-2-1’、‘YT07-2-2’自然授粉坐果率较高,做父本时异花授粉坐果率也高;拉宾斯可作为通用授粉品种。南疆地区樱桃栽培时,从授粉坐果角度分析,可选取‘YT07-2-1’或‘YT07-2-2’和拉宾斯组合成主栽品种进行授粉搭配。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the flowering and pollination characteristics of introduced cherry in this area and to provide a scientific reference for variety selection and pollination tree configuration in cherry cultivation in this area. 【Method】 Central cherry and sweet cherry, introduced in southern Xinjiang, were selected as the research object. Through the methods of artificial investigation and assisted pollination, the flowering phenology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and natural pollination, The fruit-bearing characteristics of pollination in different combinations. 【Result】 The flowering phenology of cherry was more consistent than that of sweet cherry. The flowering period of cherry in Central Asia was 2-4 days earlier than the flowering of sweet cherry. The pollen of cherry in Central Asia still maintained high viability after collected for 4 days. Seed set rate is low, except for Labs, red light, are self-unsharp types; test varieties of natural high seed set, except for Sami off, the fruit set rate was above 20%, and the Central Asia cherry The pollination rate was above 35% in the pollination. When the pollination combination was made from the parents of Central Asia cherry ’YT07-2-1’ and ’YT07-2-2’, the fruit set rate of each combination was higher, Cherry 3 species to do the male parent, Rabinis as the female parent, the fruit set rate is above 25%. 【Conclusion】 ’YT07-2-1’, ’YT07-2-2’ had a high rate of natural pollination and fruit setting rate. Cherry cultivation in southern Xinjiang, pollination from the perspective of fruit, you can choose ’YT07-2-1’ or ’YT07-2-2’ and the combination of the main varieties of Labs pollination collocation.