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疲劳对船员健康和安全的严重影响以及其在海运业、学术界引起的广泛关注,表明对海上作业预防性干预措施进一步研究的重要性。本研究对缓解海上作业疲劳方式的文献进行分析,对有关集体和个体的海员疲劳缓解的国际立法及基于研究的建议进行了综述。鉴于船员疲劳的发生的频度及其结果的严重性,我们应该重新审视当前法律法规的有效性和行业的依从性,国际商船的人员配备,以及海上船员的工作、生活和睡眠环境的优化等问题。考虑海运作业的特殊性,例如,天气、不可避免的轮班作业和时区跨越,应进一步评价预防性干预措施的可能性,包括疲劳预测工具和个体疲劳缓解管理系统等。
The serious impact of fatigue on crew health and safety and its widespread concern in the maritime industry and academia indicate the importance of further research on preventive interventions at sea. This study analyzes the literature on ways to alleviate fatigue at sea and summarizes international legislation and research-based recommendations on collective and individual seafarer fatigue relief. Given the frequency of crew fatigue and the severity of its consequences, we should re-examine the effectiveness of current laws and regulations and industry compliance, staffing of the International Merchant Shipping and the optimization of work, life and sleep environment for seafarers problem. Considering the particularities of maritime operations, such as the weather, unavoidable shifts and time zones, the possibility of preventive interventions should be further assessed, including fatigue forecasting tools and individual fatigue mitigation management systems.