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木材腐朽真菌是森林生态系统中的一个重要类群,通过将木材中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解成为可被自身和其他生物利用的营养物质,能够促进森林生态系统中的物质循环。通过对丰林自然保护区3个不同林分内木材腐朽真菌的分布特征开展野外调查,共得到标本966份,经鉴定为122种,隶属于7目17科49属,多孔菌科为该地区优势科。物种区系地理成分以北温带成分和世界广布成分为主,具有明显的北温带成分区系特征。通过比较3个林分内木材腐朽真菌群落组成结构,发现阔叶红松混交林内褐腐菌数量较多,占总体的29.9%,杨桦林和云冷杉林内木材腐朽真菌主要为白腐菌,分别占总体的93.6%和90.6%。阔叶红松混交林中木材腐朽真菌物种多样性指数最高,Shannon指数4.60,Simpson指数0.99,Pielou均匀度指数0.99。该保护区中木材腐朽真菌多数生长在腐朽等级为2、3级的倒木上。通过比较3个林分内主要树种上木材腐朽真菌的分布特点,发现林分类型、寄主腐烂程度和直径大小是影响该地区木材腐朽真菌分布的主要因素,同样的树种在不同林分中所生长的木材腐朽真菌种类不同。
Wood decay fungi are an important group in forest ecosystems that promote material circulation in forest ecosystems by decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in wood into nutrients that can be used by themselves and other organisms. Field investigation was conducted on the distribution characteristics of decayed woody fungi in three different stands in Fenglin Nature Reserve. A total of 966 specimens were obtained, of which 122 were identified as belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 49 genera, Advantage Division. The species composition is dominated by the north temperate component and the broad world component, with obvious north temperate component flora. By comparing the composition of decayed fungi community in three stands, it was found that the number of brown rot fungi in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest was large, accounting for 29.9% of the total. The decayed fungi in poplar-birch forest mainly consisted of white-rot fungi, 93.6% and 90.6%. The species diversity index of wood decayed fungi was the highest in broad-leaved-Korean pine mixed forest with Shannon index of 4.60, Simpson index of 0.99 and Pielou evenness index of 0.99. Most of the wood decayed fungi in this reserve were grown on fallen wood of decay grade 2,3. By comparing the distribution characteristics of decayed fungi on the major tree species in the three stands, it was found that the type of forest, the degree of host decay and the diameter of the main species were the main factors affecting the distribution of decayed fungi in the area. The same tree species grew in different stands The different types of wood decay fungi.