论文部分内容阅读
Abstract The species Exostira bisbimaculata Pic， 1935 was found in Hainan， China. The present paper provides the detailed redescription and illustrations. A key to the genus Exostira from China was provided in this study. Specimens are deposited in the China West Normal University.
Key words Exostira; Taxonomy; New record; Redescription; China
Exostira Borchmann was founded in 1925 with E. sellata Borchmann as a type species， belonging to Lagriinae of Tenebrionidae. The main distinguishing features of this genus： body elongate; head long and narrow with strongly protruding mouthparts; having a ‘neck’ behind the head， with prominent occipital furrow; anterior margin of labrum straight; anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave; having a wide and shallow concave between the forehead and the clypeus; concave end of the labipalp; pronotum long and narrow， bellshaped， wider than the head; elytron with 10 punctation lines， most of which extend to the end of the elytra， and have protuberantia there between， with punctations or wrinkled， with or without hairs.
So far， 24 species have been found in this genus[1-7]， distributed in the Eastern Ocean （Asian tropical zones and islands）， of which there are two species in China： E. punctator Borchmann， 1930， distributed in Taiwan[6-7]， and E. schroederi Borchmann， 1936， distributed in Fujian， Jiangxi， Guangdong， Guizhou， Yunnan， Zhejiang， Taiwan[7]. In the early days， the description of the species was too simple or basically without drawings， which caused great difficulties for the current research work. Merkl[5，7]revised the genus and provided pictures of the type specimens. The authors collected the insect of the genus in Hainan Province in 2018 and identified it as a new recorded species in China： E. bisbimaculata Pic， 1935， of which the detailed redescription and illustrations were provided in this paper.
Materials and Methods
According to the morphological features， it was redescribed in order of head， pronotum， visible sternum， foot， and finally genitals. Specimens were observed and measured using the Leica M205A stereoscope， and sketches were drawn and processed with Adobe photoshop 7.0 after printing with sulfuric acid paper. Finally， the overall picture was taken with a Nikon D90 digital camera.
Key of the genus Exostira from China
1 Fore tibia strongly bent， each elytrum with two nearly round black spotsE. bisbimaculata - fore tibia straight， nonbent2
2 Punctations in punctation lines of elytrum larger than punctations between linesE. punctator
- punctations between punctation lines significantly larger than punctations in punctation linesE. schroederi
Exostira bisbimaculata Pic， 1935 （Fig. A–F）
Exostira bisbimaculata Pic， 1935： 22; .
Male （Fig. A， Fig. C–Fig. F）： Body length 17.4 mm， body width 5.0 mm; long and narrow body， yellowbrown or blackbrown， shiny， with elytra slightly shallower than that of the pronotum in color; back of the body covered by erect long hair.
The head is long and narrow; the top of the head is slightly flat， front surface is nearly smooth， and the back part is covered irregularly by with large punctations bearing long erect and sparse hairs; anterior margins of labrum and clypeus straight， with wide membrane there between; the clypeus sulcus is bent; the compound eye is bulged and concave around; and in dorsal view， the diameter of the compound eye is about 2.5 times the eye distance. The antennae are slender and extend backwards to 1/3 of the elytra near the base， each antennomere of which is densely pubescent; the first antennomere is also covered by few erected hairs; the second antennomere is the shortest; the eleven antennomere strongly extending and longer than the total length of 9thand 10th; and the ratio of the relative lengths of the antennomeres 2ndto 11this： 20.5∶58.4∶51.5∶56.8∶58.1∶56.7∶58.4∶52.0∶44.6∶116.1. The back of the head is extended to form a "neck"， the surface of which is densely covered by irregular small punctations， and is pubescent.
The pronotum has a bell shape with an aspect ratio of 33∶28. The base is widest， and the ratio of the anterior margin， middle and posterior margin widths is 19∶27∶28. The anterior and posterior margin edged; the lateral margins are slightly narrowed near 1/7of the base， and gradually widened toward the middle， and the end is curved forward at the 1/2 position， narrowing into a weak "S" shape， with not obvious edged; the disc is uplifted， densely intensively covered by erect long hairs; and the anterior angles are round， and the posterior angles are prominent.
Elytra long ovate with a length about 2.6 times longer than the width， and are the widest at 1/3 of the proximal end， which is about 1.8 times wider than the base of the pronotum. The epipleuron and edge of the elytra are visible in the dorsal view; each elytrum has 10 complete regular punctation lines; there are sparse hairs and punctations between the punctation lines; and each elytrum has 2 nearround black spots. The top of the elytrum is concave near the elytral secure， forming two spinelike outgrowths. The legs are slender and stickshaped. The base of the fore femur is obviously concave， significantly enlarged in the middle part， and the widest at 1/3 of the end; and the middle and hind femora are slender， and there is a tooth at the inner side of the base of the hind tibia. The fore tibia is strongly curved at the end， and the base of the hind tibia is obviously concave at the 2/5 position; and the fore， middle and hind femora are covered by irregular long hairs， and the long hairs are thicker at the tibia and digitus. The ratio of the length （widths） of the fore， middle and hind femora is 37.6 （11.2）∶ 45.6 （8.8）∶46 （8.4）; and the corresponding tibia ratio is 23.5 （5.1）∶42.2 （4.5）∶45.5 （4.6）.
The aedeagus （Figs. E–F） is 5.1 mm long and 0.95 mm wide; apicles sharp， triangularm， with slender base; and in the lateral view， the aedeagus is bent at 1/3 of the base.
Female （Fig. B）： Body length 18.5 mm， body width 5.5 mm. The color is lighter than the male. The fore tibia is not bent， and the hind tibia is not concave at the inner side.
Examined specimens： 1♂1♀， Shuiman township， Wuzhishan City， Hainan， N 18.5416°， E 109.4012°， altitude 698 m， 2018III29～30， collected by Hua Zhang.
Distribution： China （Wuzhishan mountain region of Hainan province）; Laos; Vietnam.
References
[1] BORCHMANN F. Coleoptera Fam. Lagriidae[M]. In： Wytsman， P. Ed. Genera Insectorum， fasc. 204. Louis DesmetVerteneuil， Bruxelles， 1937： 561.
[2] PIC M. Nouveautés diverses[J]. Mélanges ExoticoEntomologiques， 1935， 66： 1-36.
[3] MASUMOTO K. A study of the Taiwanese Lagriidae[J]. Entomological Review of Japan， 1988， 43（1）： 33-52.
[4] ZHOU Y， CHEN B. Five new record species in Lagriinae from Chongqing[J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University （Natural Science）， 2014， 31（6）： 29-33.
[5] MERKL O. A new species of Exostira borchmann from Borneo， with comments on the genus （Colecoptera， Tenebrionidae： Lagriini）[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae， 1999， 45 （3）： 199-205.
[6] ANDO K， MERKL O， JENG ML， et al. Catalogue of Formosan tenebrionidae （insecta： coleoptera）[J]. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology， 2016， 1： 1-112.
[7] MERKL O. On taxonomy， nomenclature， and distribution of some palaearctic Lagriini， with description of a new species from Taiwan （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae， 2004， 50 （4）： 283-305.
Editor： Yingzhi GUANG Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU
Key words Exostira; Taxonomy; New record; Redescription; China
Exostira Borchmann was founded in 1925 with E. sellata Borchmann as a type species， belonging to Lagriinae of Tenebrionidae. The main distinguishing features of this genus： body elongate; head long and narrow with strongly protruding mouthparts; having a ‘neck’ behind the head， with prominent occipital furrow; anterior margin of labrum straight; anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave; having a wide and shallow concave between the forehead and the clypeus; concave end of the labipalp; pronotum long and narrow， bellshaped， wider than the head; elytron with 10 punctation lines， most of which extend to the end of the elytra， and have protuberantia there between， with punctations or wrinkled， with or without hairs.
So far， 24 species have been found in this genus[1-7]， distributed in the Eastern Ocean （Asian tropical zones and islands）， of which there are two species in China： E. punctator Borchmann， 1930， distributed in Taiwan[6-7]， and E. schroederi Borchmann， 1936， distributed in Fujian， Jiangxi， Guangdong， Guizhou， Yunnan， Zhejiang， Taiwan[7]. In the early days， the description of the species was too simple or basically without drawings， which caused great difficulties for the current research work. Merkl[5，7]revised the genus and provided pictures of the type specimens. The authors collected the insect of the genus in Hainan Province in 2018 and identified it as a new recorded species in China： E. bisbimaculata Pic， 1935， of which the detailed redescription and illustrations were provided in this paper.
Materials and Methods
According to the morphological features， it was redescribed in order of head， pronotum， visible sternum， foot， and finally genitals. Specimens were observed and measured using the Leica M205A stereoscope， and sketches were drawn and processed with Adobe photoshop 7.0 after printing with sulfuric acid paper. Finally， the overall picture was taken with a Nikon D90 digital camera.
Key of the genus Exostira from China
1 Fore tibia strongly bent， each elytrum with two nearly round black spotsE. bisbimaculata - fore tibia straight， nonbent2
2 Punctations in punctation lines of elytrum larger than punctations between linesE. punctator
- punctations between punctation lines significantly larger than punctations in punctation linesE. schroederi
Exostira bisbimaculata Pic， 1935 （Fig. A–F）
Exostira bisbimaculata Pic， 1935： 22; .
Male （Fig. A， Fig. C–Fig. F）： Body length 17.4 mm， body width 5.0 mm; long and narrow body， yellowbrown or blackbrown， shiny， with elytra slightly shallower than that of the pronotum in color; back of the body covered by erect long hair.
The head is long and narrow; the top of the head is slightly flat， front surface is nearly smooth， and the back part is covered irregularly by with large punctations bearing long erect and sparse hairs; anterior margins of labrum and clypeus straight， with wide membrane there between; the clypeus sulcus is bent; the compound eye is bulged and concave around; and in dorsal view， the diameter of the compound eye is about 2.5 times the eye distance. The antennae are slender and extend backwards to 1/3 of the elytra near the base， each antennomere of which is densely pubescent; the first antennomere is also covered by few erected hairs; the second antennomere is the shortest; the eleven antennomere strongly extending and longer than the total length of 9thand 10th; and the ratio of the relative lengths of the antennomeres 2ndto 11this： 20.5∶58.4∶51.5∶56.8∶58.1∶56.7∶58.4∶52.0∶44.6∶116.1. The back of the head is extended to form a "neck"， the surface of which is densely covered by irregular small punctations， and is pubescent.
The pronotum has a bell shape with an aspect ratio of 33∶28. The base is widest， and the ratio of the anterior margin， middle and posterior margin widths is 19∶27∶28. The anterior and posterior margin edged; the lateral margins are slightly narrowed near 1/7of the base， and gradually widened toward the middle， and the end is curved forward at the 1/2 position， narrowing into a weak "S" shape， with not obvious edged; the disc is uplifted， densely intensively covered by erect long hairs; and the anterior angles are round， and the posterior angles are prominent.
Elytra long ovate with a length about 2.6 times longer than the width， and are the widest at 1/3 of the proximal end， which is about 1.8 times wider than the base of the pronotum. The epipleuron and edge of the elytra are visible in the dorsal view; each elytrum has 10 complete regular punctation lines; there are sparse hairs and punctations between the punctation lines; and each elytrum has 2 nearround black spots. The top of the elytrum is concave near the elytral secure， forming two spinelike outgrowths. The legs are slender and stickshaped. The base of the fore femur is obviously concave， significantly enlarged in the middle part， and the widest at 1/3 of the end; and the middle and hind femora are slender， and there is a tooth at the inner side of the base of the hind tibia. The fore tibia is strongly curved at the end， and the base of the hind tibia is obviously concave at the 2/5 position; and the fore， middle and hind femora are covered by irregular long hairs， and the long hairs are thicker at the tibia and digitus. The ratio of the length （widths） of the fore， middle and hind femora is 37.6 （11.2）∶ 45.6 （8.8）∶46 （8.4）; and the corresponding tibia ratio is 23.5 （5.1）∶42.2 （4.5）∶45.5 （4.6）.
The aedeagus （Figs. E–F） is 5.1 mm long and 0.95 mm wide; apicles sharp， triangularm， with slender base; and in the lateral view， the aedeagus is bent at 1/3 of the base.
Female （Fig. B）： Body length 18.5 mm， body width 5.5 mm. The color is lighter than the male. The fore tibia is not bent， and the hind tibia is not concave at the inner side.
Examined specimens： 1♂1♀， Shuiman township， Wuzhishan City， Hainan， N 18.5416°， E 109.4012°， altitude 698 m， 2018III29～30， collected by Hua Zhang.
Distribution： China （Wuzhishan mountain region of Hainan province）; Laos; Vietnam.
References
[1] BORCHMANN F. Coleoptera Fam. Lagriidae[M]. In： Wytsman， P. Ed. Genera Insectorum， fasc. 204. Louis DesmetVerteneuil， Bruxelles， 1937： 561.
[2] PIC M. Nouveautés diverses[J]. Mélanges ExoticoEntomologiques， 1935， 66： 1-36.
[3] MASUMOTO K. A study of the Taiwanese Lagriidae[J]. Entomological Review of Japan， 1988， 43（1）： 33-52.
[4] ZHOU Y， CHEN B. Five new record species in Lagriinae from Chongqing[J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University （Natural Science）， 2014， 31（6）： 29-33.
[5] MERKL O. A new species of Exostira borchmann from Borneo， with comments on the genus （Colecoptera， Tenebrionidae： Lagriini）[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae， 1999， 45 （3）： 199-205.
[6] ANDO K， MERKL O， JENG ML， et al. Catalogue of Formosan tenebrionidae （insecta： coleoptera）[J]. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology， 2016， 1： 1-112.
[7] MERKL O. On taxonomy， nomenclature， and distribution of some palaearctic Lagriini， with description of a new species from Taiwan （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae， 2004， 50 （4）： 283-305.
Editor： Yingzhi GUANG Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU