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为了研究航天工程经常采用的半球形容器中液体自由晃动的非线性现象,采用激光位移传感器测量了半球形容器中液体第一阶侧向晃动自由衰减时波高随时间的变化情况,然后通过数据处理进一步得到了频率和阻尼比的时间历程。结果表明,整个晃动过程可以分为比较分明的非线性和线性2个部分;在非线性部分不论何种液深情况液体的大幅晃动都表现出软特性,这与矩形容器的情况有所区别;晃动过程中阻尼比随振幅的变化关系比较复杂,值得注意的是阻尼比第一次起伏结束的时刻与频率由上升过渡到平稳的时刻大体一致。
In order to study the nonlinear phenomenon of free sway of liquid in hemispherical container which is often used in aerospace engineering, the laser displacement sensor was used to measure the variation of wave height with time during the first-order lateral shaking of liquid in hemispherical container. The time history of frequency and damping ratio is further obtained. The results show that the whole shaking process can be divided into two parts: the nonlinear and the linear one. The nonlinear characteristics of the liquid in the nonlinear part show the soft property, which is different from the rectangular container. The relationship between the damping ratio and the amplitude changes is quite complicated during the shaking process. It is noteworthy that the damping ratio is roughly consistent with the time when the first undulation ends and the transition from the rising to the steady frequency.