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名词性从句是高中英语的一个重要语法内容。在学习和使用的过程中，因为认识不足和语言惯性，同学们往往会陷入误区。
误区一 混淆what与that
that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当成分，但that引导的同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略；that引导的宾语从句不能用在介词后作宾语。what意为“……的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。如：
I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky， the song of the birds， moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. that在该句中引导宾语从句，不作任何成分，可以省略。
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. what在该句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. that在该句中引导主语从句，不作任何成分，不能省略。
After that， what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. what在该句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Kongsberg， which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. that在该句中引导同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。
I have no idea what he is doing now. what在该句中引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
The question is that he doesn’t have enough money at present. that在该句中引导表语从句，不作任何成分，不能省略。
This is what wildlife protection is all about. what在该句中引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
误区二 混淆if和whether
在引导动词后面的宾语从句时，if和whether一般可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不能用if 引导。
1. I didn’t know whether/if I could survive until morning. whether在该句中引导宾语从句，可以用if代替。
2. It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation. whether在该句中引导宾语从句，不能用if代替，因为它在介词on的后面。
3. His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. whether在该句中引导表语从句，不能用if代替。
4. The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. whether在该句中引导同位语从句，不能用if 代替。
5. It was uncertain whether he would come. whether在该句中引导主语从句，不能用if 代替。
误区三 混淆that与why
在why引导的名词性从句中，引导表语从句的引导词用that而不用because。because也可以引导表语从句，常用于this/that is because ... 句型中。
1. The reason why these cars are so expensive is that they are largely built by hand. that在该句中引导表语从句，不能用because代替，因为the reason在句中作主语。
2. Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. that在该句中引导表语从句，不能用because代替，因为why引导的名词性从句在句中作主语。
3. I think it’s because you’re doing too much. because在该句中引导表语从句，陈述原因，不能用that代替。
误区四 混淆who与whoever
whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who 或those who，它既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
Who will be elected the president doesn’t make much difference to me. 误区五 语气的混淆
1.在It is necessary/important/strange ... + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表虚拟语气，且should可以省略。
It is necessary that I （should） return it this morning.
2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的动词，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places， she insisted that she organize the way properly.
Bob’s doctor suggests that he （should） rest for a few days.
He ordered that the work （should） be started at once.
3. 表示“建议，命令，要求，想法”的名词，在句中做主语或宾语，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。这类名词有：advice， agreement， command， decision， demand， determination， order， preference， proposal， request， requirement等。
He made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French.
This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.
His suggestion is that we （should） make improvements in our service.
误区六 混淆同位语从句与定语从句
同位语从句用来解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，所以前面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。定语从句是对前面的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此前面的关系词在从句中通常作主语，宾语或表语。
The news that our team had won the game excited us. 该句中that引导的是同位语从句，是前面news的具体内容，that在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略。
The news that he told me yesterday is true. 该句中that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的news。that在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用which代替。
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 该句中that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么样的诺言，that在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 该句中that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的promise，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
1. What we are discussing now is___________， the police to stop the fighting between two gangs of thieves. （send）
我们现在讨论的是我们是否应该把警察叫来阻止这两群小偷的争斗。
2. She recommended that everyone _________， that we should develop a good habit. （keep）
她建议我们把要养成好习惯这一点牢记于心。
3. _______________ doesn’t make any difference. （be abroad）
他是否出过国无关紧要。
4. Have you considered my suggestion____________ more time to themselves to study？ （give）
你考虑过我的给学生更多自主学习时间的建议吗？
5. The news _______ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. （fall）
房价将要下跌的消息让很多人低价售出了他们的房子。
1. whether we should send for
2. （should） keep （it） in mind
3. Whether he has been abroad （or not）
4. that students （should） be given
5. that the house prices will fall
误区一 混淆what与that
that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当成分，但that引导的同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略；that引导的宾语从句不能用在介词后作宾语。what意为“……的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。如：
I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky， the song of the birds， moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. that在该句中引导宾语从句，不作任何成分，可以省略。
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. what在该句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. that在该句中引导主语从句，不作任何成分，不能省略。
After that， what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. what在该句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Kongsberg， which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. that在该句中引导同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。
I have no idea what he is doing now. what在该句中引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
The question is that he doesn’t have enough money at present. that在该句中引导表语从句，不作任何成分，不能省略。
This is what wildlife protection is all about. what在该句中引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
误区二 混淆if和whether
在引导动词后面的宾语从句时，if和whether一般可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不能用if 引导。
1. I didn’t know whether/if I could survive until morning. whether在该句中引导宾语从句，可以用if代替。
2. It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation. whether在该句中引导宾语从句，不能用if代替，因为它在介词on的后面。
3. His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. whether在该句中引导表语从句，不能用if代替。
4. The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. whether在该句中引导同位语从句，不能用if 代替。
5. It was uncertain whether he would come. whether在该句中引导主语从句，不能用if 代替。
误区三 混淆that与why
在why引导的名词性从句中，引导表语从句的引导词用that而不用because。because也可以引导表语从句，常用于this/that is because ... 句型中。
1. The reason why these cars are so expensive is that they are largely built by hand. that在该句中引导表语从句，不能用because代替，因为the reason在句中作主语。
2. Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. that在该句中引导表语从句，不能用because代替，因为why引导的名词性从句在句中作主语。
3. I think it’s because you’re doing too much. because在该句中引导表语从句，陈述原因，不能用that代替。
误区四 混淆who与whoever
whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who 或those who，它既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
Who will be elected the president doesn’t make much difference to me. 误区五 语气的混淆
1.在It is necessary/important/strange ... + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表虚拟语气，且should可以省略。
It is necessary that I （should） return it this morning.
2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的动词，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places， she insisted that she organize the way properly.
Bob’s doctor suggests that he （should） rest for a few days.
He ordered that the work （should） be started at once.
3. 表示“建议，命令，要求，想法”的名词，在句中做主语或宾语，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。这类名词有：advice， agreement， command， decision， demand， determination， order， preference， proposal， request， requirement等。
He made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French.
This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.
His suggestion is that we （should） make improvements in our service.
误区六 混淆同位语从句与定语从句
同位语从句用来解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，所以前面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。定语从句是对前面的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此前面的关系词在从句中通常作主语，宾语或表语。
The news that our team had won the game excited us. 该句中that引导的是同位语从句，是前面news的具体内容，that在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略。
The news that he told me yesterday is true. 该句中that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的news。that在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用which代替。
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 该句中that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么样的诺言，that在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 该句中that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的promise，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
1. What we are discussing now is___________， the police to stop the fighting between two gangs of thieves. （send）
我们现在讨论的是我们是否应该把警察叫来阻止这两群小偷的争斗。
2. She recommended that everyone _________， that we should develop a good habit. （keep）
她建议我们把要养成好习惯这一点牢记于心。
3. _______________ doesn’t make any difference. （be abroad）
他是否出过国无关紧要。
4. Have you considered my suggestion____________ more time to themselves to study？ （give）
你考虑过我的给学生更多自主学习时间的建议吗？
5. The news _______ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. （fall）
房价将要下跌的消息让很多人低价售出了他们的房子。
1. whether we should send for
2. （should） keep （it） in mind
3. Whether he has been abroad （or not）
4. that students （should） be given
5. that the house prices will fall