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在世界海军中,水面舰艇是最早出现的作战平台。最初的战船是于公元前1200多年出现于埃及、腓尼基和希腊的木质桨帆战船。17世纪中叶,战船已由桨船过渡到帆船,并普遍在舷侧装备了固定式滑膛炮。18世纪,蒸汽机的发明,冶金、机械和燃料工业的发展,使得水面舰艇的材料、动力装置、武器装备和建造工艺发生了根本性的变革。19世纪,木质风帆战船逐步被铁质、钢铁蒸汽舰船替代,使航速显著提高,船体结构更加坚固。与此同时,舰炮口径不断加大,旋转炮塔取代舷炮。线膛炮和爆破弹的发明,提高了舰炮的命中精度和破坏力,因此出现了有装甲防护的装甲舰。
In the world navy, surface ships are the earliest emerging platforms for combat. The original warship was a wooden paddle sailboat that appeared in Egypt, Phenicia and Greece 1200 BC. Mid-seventeenth Century, the warships have been transitioned from a paddle boat to sailboat, and is generally in the side of the fixed smoothbore gun. In the eighteenth century, the invention of the steam engine, the development of metallurgy, machinery and the fuel industry led to fundamental changes in the materials, power plant, weaponry and construction craft of surface ships. In the 19th century, wooden sailing warships were gradually replaced by ferrous and steel steam ships, which markedly increased the speed and strengthened the hull structure. At the same time, the caliber of the gun continued to increase, rotating turret to replace the firearm. The invention of the rifled gun and the blasting bombs improved the hit accuracy and destructiveness of the naval guns, so armored ships with armor protection appeared.