Movement initiation of millimeter particles on a rotating rough surface:The role of adhesion

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We performed experiments to determine the critical moment for movement initiation of a millimeter bead on a rotating rough surface.The corresponding critical angular velocities were measured for glass and stainless-steel ball bearings over two different rough surfaces with glued glass beads.A basic the-oretical analysis was developed to explain the observed results.Although the expectation of a simple approach with the presence of the obstacles offered by a rough surface could be sufficient to describe the problem,we prove here that the sole consideration of these obstacles,and even friction,are insufficient to explain the results in the range of a few-millimeter glass particles.Where the thermodynamic work of adhesion between surfaces is significant,the adhesion forces must be considered in the force balance for particle detachment.This effect is a determinant for describing theoretically and numerically the dynamics of millimeter particles.
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