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为了给城市机动车颗粒污染治理提供参考依据,采用EEPS瞬态排气颗粒数量及粒径测试仪研究了柴油公交车实际道路的瞬态颗粒数量与粒径分布特性、颗粒质量排放特性。选用1辆满足国Ⅳ排放标准的柴油公交车进行实际道路测试,采用车载导航系统连续记录车辆位置,并获得实时车速。所用燃料分别为纯柴油、纯天然气制油(GTL柴油)、50%掺混配比的GTL柴油混合燃料,试验路线有市区主干道、市区次干道和市区快速路3种道路类型。结果表明:公交车实际道路的排气流量、排气颗粒数量、排气颗粒质量与车速变化有很好的跟随性;急加速时,公交车排气颗粒数量、排气颗粒质量出现急剧增加;该车在各道路类型下排气颗粒数量的粒径分布均呈现双峰对数分布,在快速路上的各粒径排气颗粒数量均较低,在次干道上的各粒径排气颗粒数量均较高;与纯柴油相比,GTL柴油同时降低了公交车核态和聚集态颗粒的数量排放;随着车速增加,公交车单位里程的排气颗粒总数量和质量开始略有增加,随后呈现缓慢下降;GTL柴油降低了公交车在主干道、次干道和快速路的颗粒排放,也降低了各车速区间的排气颗粒数量和排气颗粒质量。
In order to provide a reference for the urban vehicle particle pollution control, the instantaneous particle number and particle size distribution characteristics and particle mass emission characteristics of diesel bus were studied using the EEPS transient exhaust particle number and particle size tester. A diesel bus meeting the emission standard of country IV was selected for actual road test. Vehicle navigation system was used to continuously record vehicle position and get real-time speed. The fuels used were pure diesel, natural gas oil (GTL diesel) and 50% blending mixture of GTL diesel fuel. The test routes include three main types of urban trunk roads, urban trunk roads and urban expressways. The results show that the exhaust flow rate, the number of exhaust particles and the quality of exhaust particles have a good follow-up with the actual speed of the bus. The number of exhaust particles and the quality of exhaust particles increase sharply when accelerating rapidly. The particle size distribution of the exhaust particles in each type of road show a bimodal logarithmic distribution, the number of exhaust particles of each particle diameter on the expressway is low, and the number of exhaust particles of each particle diameter on the sub-arterial road Compared with pure diesel, GTL diesel also reduced the emission of nuclear particles and aggregated particles in buses at the same time. With the increase of vehicle speed, the total quantity and mass of exhaust particles per unit of mileage began to increase slightly, Showing a slow decline; GTL diesel to reduce the bus in the main road, secondary roads and expressway particulate emissions, but also reduces the speed of the various intervals of the exhaust particles and exhaust particulate matter quality.