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目的:探讨新生儿气胸、纵隔气肿的发生原因及防治措施。方法:对37例新生儿气胸及纵隔气肿病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:自发性4例,肺源性20例,医源性13例。保守治疗20例,胸腔穿刺抽气2例,胸腔闭式引流15例,痊愈33例,3例放弃治疗。结论:新生儿气胸、纵隔气肿的高危因素:剖宫产、羊水胎粪吸入及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、呼吸机的使用。通过做好围产期保健、防止宫内及分娩窒息、及时应用肺表现活性物质可预防此病的发生。
Objective: To investigate the causes and preventive measures of neonatal pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema. Methods: The clinical data of 37 neonates with pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 4 cases were spontaneous, 20 cases were pulmonary and 13 cases were iatrogenic. Conservative treatment in 20 cases, thoracentesis in 2 cases, closed thoracic drainage in 15 cases, 33 cases were cured, 3 cases to give up treatment. Conclusion: Neonatal pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema risk factors: cesarean section, amniotic fluid meconium aspiration and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the use of ventilator. By doing a good job in perinatal care to prevent intrauterine and childbirth asphyxia, timely application of pulmonary manifestations of active substances can prevent the occurrence of the disease.