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目的了解5.12汶川大地震24个月后震区小学生的心理健康状况,为进行震后长期心理危机干预提供依据。方法于2010年5月即汶川大地震发生后24个月,分别使用创伤应激量表儿童版(CRIES-13)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了553名来自于彭州灾区的小学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果①灾区小学生CRIES-13总分为(22.98±12.29)分,其中大于划界分(30分)者为143人,占总人数的25.9%;女性总分高于男性(Z=2.031,P=0.042);震后被转移至安全地点的时间越长(OR=1.025,P=0.012)、家人伤亡越严重(OR=1.141,P=0.021),其CRIES-13总分大于划界分的可能性越高。②灾区小学生DSRSC总分为(11.07±5.78)分,其中总分大于划界分(15分)者为120人,占总人数的21.7%;女性总分高于男性(Z=2.508,P=0.012);灾区小学生的年龄(r=0.098,P=0.021)、震后被转移至安全地点的时间(r=0.117,P=0.004)与DSRSC总分呈正相关。③灾区小学生SDQ总困难因子得分为(14.97±5.44)分,62.9%的人报告自身存在主观困难;女性的情绪因子、亲社会因子得分高于男性(Z=3.123,P=0.002;Z=2.243,P=0.025);年龄越大,品行因子(χ2=7.604,P=0.023)、亲社会因子(χ2=8.102;P=0.017)得分增加。结论震后灾区小学生的心理健康状况受到性别、年龄、震后被转移至安全地点的时间、家人伤亡程度的影响,震后长期心理危机干预应综合考虑这些相关因素以确定高危人群。
Objective To understand the mental health of pupils in the quake-stricken area after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and provide a basis for long-term psychological crisis after the earthquake. Methods Twenty-four months after the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2010, CRIS-13, DSRSC, SDQ students Version of the survey of 553 students from Pengzhou stricken areas of mental health and its influencing factors. Results ① The CRIES-13 score of primary school students in disaster-stricken areas was (22.98 ± 12.29) points, of which 143 were more than the demarcation point (30 points), accounting for 25.9% of the total. The total score of women was higher than that of men (Z = 2.031, P = 0.042). After the earthquake was transferred to a safe place, the longer the time (OR = 1.025, P = 0.012), the more severe the family members were (OR = 1.141, P = 0.021) The more likely. ② The total score of primary school students DSRSC was (11.07 ± 5.78) points, in which the total score was more than the demarcation points (15 points), 120 people, accounting for 21.7% of the total number; the female score was higher than the male (Z = 2.508, P = (R = 0.117, P = 0.004). There was a positive correlation between the age of primary school students in the disaster area (r = 0.098, P = 0.021) and the time after the earthquake was transferred to a safe place. (3) There was a subjective difficulty in reporting the total difficulty factor of SDQ among pupils in disaster areas (14.97 ± 5.44), 62.9% of them reported subjective difficulties in their own; scores of emotional factors and pro-social factors in women were higher than those in men (Z = 3.123, P = 0.002; , P = 0.025). The higher the age, the fitness factor (χ2 = 7.604, P = 0.023), the pro-social factor (χ2 = 8.102; Conclusion The mental health status of primary school students affected by earthquake is affected by gender, age, the time when they were transferred to a safe place after earthquake and the degree of family injury. After long-term psychological crisis, post-earthquake psychological crisis intervention should be considered to determine the risk groups.