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目的分析重庆市2010年手足口病流行特征,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法下载“疾病监测信息报告管理系统”疫情数据,描述病例流行病学特征,收集重庆市手足口病监测资料,分析死亡病例流行特征及实验室检测结果。结果 2010年报告病例19970例,重症42例,死亡26例,发病率为69.85/10万,死亡率为0.091/10万。4-5月为发病高峰,主城区比远郊区县高发,1～3岁组的散居儿童为高发人群。0～3岁男性散居儿童为手足口病死亡的高危人群,临床表现以高热、手足部出疹为主,伴有不同程度的神经、呼吸、循环、消化系统症状和体征。聚集性病例多发生在学校和幼托机构。荧光PCR检测阳性率为63.26%,轻症病例以柯萨奇病毒A16型为主(39.09%),但引起死亡的均为肠道病毒71型,病毒分离率为24.30%。结论手足口病疫情的防控重点应放在及时发现重症病例,加强重症病例的临床就治,降低死亡率等方面。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Chongqing in 2010 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods The epidemiological data of Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System was downloaded, the epidemiological characteristics of cases were described, the monitoring data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Chongqing were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics of deaths and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results A total of 19970 cases were reported in 2010, including 42 cases of severe disease and 26 cases of death, the incidence rate was 69.85 / 100000 and the death rate was 0.091 / 100000. April-May peak incidence, the main urban areas than the suburbs counties high incidence of 1-3 years-old group of children living in high-risk groups. 0-3 year-old male diaspora were HFMD at high risk of HFMD. Clinical manifestations included fever, hand-foot and rash with varying degrees of nerve, respiration, circulation, digestive symptoms and signs. Clustered cases occurred in schools and child care institutions. The positive rate of fluorescent PCR detection was 63.26%. The mild case was Coxsackie virus type A16 (39.09%), but the cause of death was enterovirus 71 and the virus isolation rate was 24.30%. Conclusion The prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic should focus on timely detection of severe cases, to strengthen the clinical treatment of severe cases, reduce mortality and so on.