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目的了解西宁市不同职业人群对传染病相关知识与基本健康行为的具备程度,为西宁市健康教育与传染病防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取西宁市公务员、公共场所员工、厂矿企业职工共1 700人,进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的传染病相关知识及基本健康行为全部具备率男性明显低于女性;公务员35.3%,公共场所员工21.3%,厂矿企业职工7.0%;文化程度与全部具备率呈正相关。每项知识知晓率最高的均为公务员;每项健康行为形成率最低的均为厂矿企业职工;吸烟率分别为厂矿企业职工43.0%,公务员29.1%,公共场所员工27.9%。公务员的传染病相关知识总知晓率、基本健康行为总形成率分别为89.7%和77.8%,公共场所员工分别为80.7%和77.1%,厂矿企业职工仅为64.9%和62.8%。不同性别、文化程度、职业之间的传染病相关知识知晓和基本健康行为形成差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论厂矿企业职工对传染病相关知识和基本健康行为的具备程度仍有待提高,应有针对性地开展职业健康教育,加大控烟工作力度。
Objective To understand the knowledgeableness and basic health behaviors of different occupational groups in Xining and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of health education and infectious diseases in Xining. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract a total of 1,700 employees from Xining civil servants, employees in public places and factories and mines, and conducted a questionnaire survey. Results All subjects with knowledge of infectious diseases and basic health behaviors were significantly lower than those of men; 35.3% of civil servants, 21.3% of employees in public places, and 7.0% of workers in factories and mines. The educational level was positively correlated with the overall availability rate. The highest rate of knowledge of each is civil servant. The lowest rates of each health behavior are workers in factories and mines. Smoking rates are 43.0% for workers in mines and mines, 29.1% for civil servants, and 27.9% in public places. The total knowledge-related awareness of infectious diseases among civil servants was 89.7% and that of the general health behaviors was 77.8% respectively. The number of employees in public places was 80.7% and 77.1% respectively, while that of factories and mines was only 64.9% and 62.8%. There were significant differences in knowledge of infectious diseases and basic health behaviors among different genders, educational levels and occupations (P <0.01). Conclusion The staff and workers of factories and mines should have better knowledge of essential infectious diseases and basic health behaviors. Occupational health education should be carried out in a targeted manner to increase tobacco control efforts.