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热力发电设备的主要零部件,如汽轮机主轴、叶轮、汽缸、发电机转子、锅炉管道和汽包等,是在一定温度、应力、环境介质和长时间的情况下工作的。而在电站实际运行过程中,有些零部件还需承受高变应力或静应力和高变应力的复合作用。另外由于工况的变动、启动和停机以及在运行中会引起循环热应力,再加上环境介质所引起的腐蚀作用,从而促使零部件提前断裂。 热力发电设备零部件的断裂过程是很复杂的,它是由各种因素综合作用所致,故对其运行安全性和断裂寿命的合理评价,应该综合考虑各种影响因素。
The main components of the thermal power plant, such as turbine spindles, impellers, cylinders, generator rotors, boiler tubes and steam drums, are working under conditions of temperature, stress, environmental media and long periods of time. In the actual operation of the power plant, some parts also need to withstand the combined effect of high stress or static stress and high stress. In addition due to changes in conditions, start and stop and in operation will cause cyclic thermal stress, coupled with the corrosive effects caused by environmental media, thereby contributing to premature fracture of components. The breaking process of the components of the thermal power plant is very complex. It is caused by the combined effect of various factors. Therefore, the reasonable evaluation of the operation safety and the fracture life should be considered synthetically.