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在害虫生物防治中,病原微生物的利用是重要的一环。其中,从病原微生物的种类来看,以病毒为最多,在后效作用及安全性方面也以病毒为最好。故认为:病原病毒是昆虫的天敌,是最有发展前途的微生物农药之一。 世界上的昆虫种类达一百万种,昆虫病毒在不同时期的发现种类统计数字为:1949年,可感染昆虫的病毒约100种;1960年,增加到200种;1975年,David列出昆虫与螨类病毒为721种;1977年,Marfignoni和Iwai 列出感染昆虫和螨类的病毒近1000种;1979年福原敏彦归纳为849种;以上这些数字是不包括中国的成果在内的。1984年,在作者编写的《无脊椎动物病毒名录》中,综合国内外文献资料,记载着已从11个目(Order)的900多种昆虫中发现了1300余种病毒和病毒样粒子。其中有100种病毒为我国首次发现,(现已发展为104种)。为了便于同行们及广大读者引用,兹列出三个统计表格作对比说明之。(见表Ⅰ、表Ⅱ、表Ⅲ)。
In pest biological control, the use of pathogenic microorganisms is an important part. Among them, the types of pathogenic microorganisms, the virus as the most, in the after effects and safety aspects of the virus is also the best. Therefore, the pathogen virus is the predator of insects and is one of the most promising microbial pesticides. There are one million species of insects in the world. Statistics on the types of insect viruses found at different times are as follows: In 1949, there were about 100 viruses that could infect insects; in 1960, it increased to 200 species; in 1975, David listed insects 721 species of mites and mites; in 1977, Marfignoni and Iwai listed nearly 1,000 species of insects and mites; in 1979, Fujinhara was classified as 849 species; these figures do not include China’s achievements. In 1984, the author compiled the “Invertebrates List of Viruses” to synthesize domestic and foreign documents and records that more than 1,300 kinds of virus and virus-like particles have been found in over 900 insects in 11 orders. Among them, 100 kinds of viruses were found for the first time in China (now 104 species have been developed). In order to facilitate the reference of colleagues and readers, it is listed three statistical tables for comparison. (See Table I, Table II, Table III).