人类社会是一个不断向前发展的活的有机体。它所包含的社会要素,是极其复杂、无限多样的,其中生产力、生产关系、上层建筑是基本的要素。早期是马克思主义者的俄国哲学家普列汉诺夫曾根据历史唯物主义的基本原理,对社会结构的各个层次以及它们之间的关系进行了简单的概括: Human society is a living organism that keeps moving forward. It contains the social elements, is extremely complex and infinite diversity, of which productivity, production relations, the superstructure is a basic element. According to the basic principles of historical materialism, Plekhanov, a Russian philosopher who was an early Marxist, made a brief summary of all levels of social structure and their relations: