Guangdong Provincehas madesome achievements in its new health system reform since2009, but there are still three dififculties:primary health care system has not been set up yet; large public hospital reform remains stagnant; the doctor-patient relationship needs strengthening. The main reasons maybe that the structure of the health system has a “short board”, the reform orientation has dual marketattributes, or the reform is lacking top-level design. The authors suggest designing the reform structure based on the government and the market “two wheeled drive”, establishing the Gatekeeper System, carrying out furtherlarge public hospital reform, increasinghealth investments, and improving the supporting policies for the reform.