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根据准噶尔盆地腹部地区二维和三维地震断裂构造样式解释、深浅层断裂生长指数和活动速率计算及声发射各主要构造运动期最大主应力值测试,结合盆地区域构造演化与油气成藏等研究成果,研究了盆地腹部地区断裂系统的形成演化、基本特征及其控油模式,并转化为实验模型,模拟了单一相(油相)连续、稳态流体运动条件下,深、浅两套断裂输导体系中石油的运移和聚集过程.结果表明盆地腹部地区受周缘板块的相互碰撞产生的挤压和走滑构造作用及多期次构造运动的影响,断裂发育,纵向上明显存在深、浅层两套不同性质的断裂系统,深层为基底卷入式压扭性逆冲断裂系统,浅层为盖层滑脱型张扭性正断层系统,其分别形成于海西运动中晚期和燕山运动早中期等强烈构造活动时期;高渗透性断裂带的确是油气快速运移的优势通道,盆地腹部地区深、浅层断层均是石油向上运移的主要输导体,断裂带渗透率大小决定着石油运移的方向和路径.在断层带顶部存在盖层封闭的条件下,石油在断层带中的运移呈不均匀地向上运动,断层带中含油饱和度自上而下增加,在向下增加的过程,石油倾向于在区域性盖层之下储层物性好的砂层中运移,而且是优先进入断裂上盘渗透率较大的砂层中,随着断裂带含油饱和度的不断地增加和断裂上盘储层物性好的砂层中进油量不断增多,进行侧向运移,最终聚集成藏,尔后再进入断裂下盘相应的砂层中,进油量较少;而物性较差的砂层中很少有石油进入.该实验结果得到了盆地腹部地区断裂两侧储层流体地球化学分析测试数据的佐证,对深化断裂输导体系下石油运移聚集成藏的理论认识与指导该地区的油气勘探实践均具有重要意义.
According to the 2D and 3D seismic fault tectonic style interpretation in the abdomen area of Junggar basin, the calculation of the growth index and active velocity of deep and shallow faults and the calculation of the maximum principal stress of each tectonic movement period of acoustic emission are carried out. Combining with the research results of regional tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in the basin , Studied the formation, evolution, basic characteristics and oil control modes of the fault system in the belly of the basin, and converted them into experimental models to simulate the deep and shallow fracture conduction under continuous and steady-state fluid movement of single phase (oil phase) The results show that the belly of the basin is affected by the compression and strike-slip tectonics and the multistage tectonic movement caused by the collision of the peripheral plates in the belly area of the basin. The fractures develop obviously in both longitudinal and shallow directions Set of different nature of the fault system, the deep into the basal body pressure-type crush thrust system, the caprock slip caprock torsional normal fault system, which were formed in the Hercynian movement and Yanshan movement in the early and mid-strong During the tectonic activity period, the high-permeability fault zone is indeed the dominant channel for rapid hydrocarbon migration. Both deep and shallow faults in the belly of the basin The main conductor of oil migration up the fault zone permeability determines the size and direction of oil migration and path of the top of the fault zone in the presence of cap rock seal, the migration of oil in the fault zone showed uneven upward movement , The oil saturation in the fault zone increases from top to bottom. During the downward increase, petroleum tends to migrate in the sandstone with good reservoir property under the regional caprock and is preferentially penetrated into the upper fault In larger sand layers, as the oil saturation in the fault zone continuously increases and the oil in the sand layer with good reservoir properties in the upper fault fractures increases continuously, it migrates laterally and eventually accumulates into pools and then enters In the sand layer corresponding to the fractured lower part of the fault plate, oil inflow is less, while there is very little oil in the sand layer with poor physical properties. This experimental result is corroborated by the geochemical analytical test data of reservoir fluids on both sides of the fault in the belly of the basin , It is of great significance to deepen the theoretical understanding of petroleum migration and accumulation under the fault-guiding system and to guide the exploration of oil and gas in this area.