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目的了解瑞丽市的实际疟疾疫情、居民的疟疾防治知识、防治能力及现状,为项目实施的效果评价提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机不等比例抽样方法,利用回顾性调查方式,对瑞丽市的实际疟疾疫情、居民的疟疾防治知识、防治能力及现状、边境流动人口的疟疾疫情和防治现状进行调查。结果瑞丽市2002年全市报告疟疾疫情616例,发病率55.27/万、恶性疟发病率14.09/万。调查3个乡镇上报疟疾疫情259例、发病率76.48/万,恶性疟发病率17.42/万。发热病人血检阳性率9.16%;疟疾规范治疗率12.55%,村民蚊帐及药帐使用率为96.54%和0.64%。疟疾疫情漏报率9.65%;边境口岸流动人口疟疾防治能力:调查3个口岸,能开展发热病人血检的口岸有1个,血检率0.24%,检查处方43个,处方规范率11.63%;疟防知识调查:小学生、中学生和村民疟防知晓率分别为10.70%、29.95%和19.42%;疟疾间接荧光抗体阳性率2.39%。结论瑞丽市疟疾流行较为严重,疟疾疫情漏率较高,乡村医院、诊所的疟疾诊断及治疗能力较薄弱,当地居民和中小学生疟防知晓率普遍较低。
Objective To understand the actual malaria epidemic in Ruili, the malaria prevention and control knowledge, prevention and treatment capacity of the residents and the status quo, and provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the project implementation. Methods A stratified random unequal sampling method was used to investigate the actual malaria epidemic, residents’ knowledge of malaria control, prevention and treatment capacity, and status quo, malaria epidemic situation and prevention and treatment status of border floating population by means of retrospective survey. Results Ruili City in 2002 the city reported 616 cases of malaria, the incidence of 55.27 / million, the incidence of falciparum malaria 14.09 / million. Investigation of 3 townships reported 259 cases of malaria, the incidence of 76.48 / million, the incidence of falciparum malaria 17.42 / million. The positive rate of blood test in fever patients was 9.16%. The standard treatment rate of malaria was 12.55%. The utilization rates of mosquito nets and medicine bills in villagers were 96.54% and 0.64%. Malaria epidemic rate 9.65%; border population of migrant population malaria prevention and control ability: three ports surveyed, can carry out a blood test of febrile patients at a port, the blood test rate of 0.24%, 43 prescriptions were examined, the prescription rate of 11.63%; Malaria awareness survey: The awareness rates of malaria prevention among primary school students, middle school students and villagers were 10.70%, 29.95% and 19.42%, respectively. The positive rate of malaria indirect fluorescent antibody was 2.39%. Conclusion The malaria epidemic is more serious in Ruili City, and the leakage rate of malaria is higher. The malaria diagnosis and treatment ability in rural hospitals and clinics is relatively weak. The awareness rate of malaria among local residents and primary and secondary school students is generally low.