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物质生产和生产力同精神生产和生产力具有本质的区别。在社会分工的意义上,文学、艺术、道德、宗教和哲学等精神生产和生产力受物质生产和生产力的决定;在物质生产内部分工的意义上,物质生产和生产力包含了某些精神过程和精神特征,即与体力劳动相对的脑力劳动。不能把物质生产等同于体力劳动,把精神生产等同于脑力劳动。一方面要充分肯定精神生产和脑力劳动对社会历史愈益重要的作用,另一方面又必须确认物质生产和生产力对社会历史的决定作用,这二者并不矛盾。因为这是两个不同层面的问题,后者作为一种“总的趋势”处于社会历史本质和规律的层面,前者则作为一些“个别”存在形式和发展方式处于社会历史的现象具体的层面。
Material production and productivity are essentially different from spiritual production and productivity. In the sense of social division of labor, spiritual production and productive forces such as literature, art, morality, religion and philosophy are determined by material production and productivity; in the sense of the internal division of labor in material production, material production and productivity contain certain mental processes and spirits Features, that is, mental labor as opposed to physical labor. Material production can not be equated with physical labor, and mental production equates with mental labor. On the one hand, we must fully affirm the increasingly important role that spiritual production and mental work play in the social history. On the other hand, we must also confirm that the material production and the productive forces play a decisive role in the social history. There is no contradiction between the two. Because this is a question of two different levels, the latter is at the level of the nature and law of society and history as a kind of “general trend ”, while the former is in the social and historical phenomenon as some “individual ” forms of existence and mode of development Specific level.