论文部分内容阅读
以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006—2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9%、11.7%,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6%、11.4%,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4%、7.9%和8.8%、8.3%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0kg·hm-2和7480.5kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式分别增产14.8%和13.8%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄水保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效。
Taking the corn-wheat annual farming model as the research object, the field experiment was conducted in 2006-2009 for four years in a row, and the traditional tillage, uncovered / not subsoaked + covered / no-tillage, covered / 6 patterns including no-cover / no tillage, no cover / subsoiling + no cover / no tillage, cover / subsoiling + cover / no tillage and no cover / no subsoiling + Effect of Different Tillage Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transformation, Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat after District Maize and Annual Wheat. The results showed that the green leaves with the two models of tillage and subsoiling / subsoiling + cover / no tillage had the longest duration and the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs were all higher than the others (P <0.05) The amount of pre-storage material was also higher than the other modes, and the vegetative organs post-flow assimilation amount and operation rate were 11.9% and 11.7% higher than that of the non-subsoiling and non-subsoiling / no-tillage modes, respectively (P <0.01). The contribution rate of post-anthesis assimilate to grain yield was significantly higher than that of non-covered / not-deep-rooted + (P <0.05), and the highest yield reached 7545.0kg · hm-2 (P <0.05), and the highest yield reached 7545.0kg · hm-2 And 7480.5kg · hm-2, respectively, which increased by 14.8% and 13.8% respectively compared with no coverage / not-deep-seeding + returning to field / rotary cultivating pattern, reaching extremely significant level (P <0.01). Taken together, the mulching / subsoiling + cover / no-tillage mode had good water storage and soil fertility effects, which could promote the accumulation of dry matter in vegetative organs and the transfer of post-anthesis assimilates to the grain, achieving high yield and high efficiency.