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目的:分析乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种异常反应发生的特点和规律。方法:调出全国预防接种信息管理系统中存储时间最近的50例乙型肝炎预防接种异常反应案例信息,对重要指标进行描述性分析,以评价此类异常反应的特点和规律。结果:50例案例中,男女比例为28:22,年龄不超过1岁的占72%;异常反应主要为过敏性休克(13例)、过敏性紫癜(11例)、过敏性皮疹(10例)、局部过敏反应(6例);异常反应主要发生在接种24hr内,占78.0%(39例);异常反应主要集中在第一剂接种后,占62.0%(31例)。结论:乙型肝炎疫苗引发预防接种异常反应概率较低,但一旦出现,威胁较高,基于此,需进一步加强监测,同时还应提升相关医生的预防接种异常反应应对能力。
Objective: To analyze the characteristics and regularity of the abnormal response of hepatitis B vaccine vaccination. Methods: 50 cases of hepatitis B vaccination anomalous cases with the most recent storage time in the information system of vaccination in the country were called out, and the descriptive analysis of important indicators was carried out to evaluate the characteristics and regularity of such abnormal reactions. Results: In 50 cases, the male-female ratio was 28:22 and the age was less than 1 year old, accounting for 72%. The abnormal reactions were mainly anaphylactic shock (13 cases), allergic purpura (11 cases), allergic rash ), Local allergic reaction (6 cases). Abnormal reaction mainly occurred in 24 hours after inoculation (78.0%) (39 cases). The abnormal reaction mainly occurred in 62.0% (31 cases) after the first dose. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccine has a lower probability of initiating vaccination anomalies. However, if there is a high threat, the surveillance needs to be further strengthened. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the coping ability of the relevant doctors in preventing abnormal responses to vaccination.