外界环境中的污染物,常常是数种并存的,它们之间既可能是协同或加成作用,也可能是拮抗作用,而且含量也在不断变化,为了比较全面地了解环境污染的程度和变动,就需要增加检测项目和调查次数,但是由此所获得的大量数据如不合理处理,那么在作环境质量的评价时也存在困难。为了对环境质量作出比较正确的判断,同时此种评价指标又要易于为公众所理解,学者们提出了不少综合指标,其原理是:将大量的监测数据,按照一定的数学方法加以综合,浓缩成单一指数,并建立质量等级的数字尺度,使人们 The pollutants in the external environment are often several kinds of coexistence. They may be synergistic or additive, they may be antagonistic, and their contents are constantly changing. In order to understand the degree and changes of environmental pollution more comprehensively It is necessary to increase the number of inspection items and surveys. However, if the large amount of data obtained is not handled properly, then there are difficulties in the evaluation of environmental quality. In order to make a relatively correct judgment of environmental quality, and this kind of evaluation index is easy to be understood by the public, scholars have put forward a number of comprehensive indicators. The principle is: to integrate a large number of monitoring data in accordance with certain mathematical methods, Concentrates into a single index and establishes a digital scale of quality levels that make people