世界青年日:义务、团结和慈爱的际会

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  I first heard about the World Youth Day in mid-2004, completely by chance when on the internet, I came across a link to the “Weltjugendtag 2005”, scheduled for Cologne, Germany in 2005.
  Upon further reading, I quickly discovered that World Youth Day (WYD) was not just another international youth event. In fact, I was greatly impressed when I further realized that the origin of World Youth Day was closely linked to the United Nations International Year of Youth in 1985, when Pope John Paul II, addressed the youth of the world in his Apostolic Letter, ‘Dilecti Amici’, whose theme was, “Always be prepared to make a defence to anyone who calls you to account for the hope that is in you".
  In his letter, Pope John Paul II communicated a strong message of hope, saying “In you there is hope, for you belong to the future, just as the future belongs to you. For hope is always linked to the future; it is the expectation of "future good things"”.
  我第一次听说世界青年日是在2004年末,我在网上偶然看见了一个链接——有关2005年在德国科隆举办的“2005世界青年日”活动。
  随着对其相关信息的进一步了解,我很快发现世界青年日并不单是一个普通的国际性青年活动。实际上,让我印象深刻的是,世界青年日的起源与1985年设立的联合国国际青年年紧密相关。当时,教皇约翰·保罗二世在他给使徒的信“致我亲爱的朋友”中向全世界青年宣告“时刻做好准备,为捍卫自己心中的希望而行动”。
  教皇约翰·保罗二世在信中传达了他对青年寄予的厚望,他说,“你们是充满希望的一代,你们属于未来,未来也属于你们。希望总是与未来相联系,希望就是对‘未来美好事物’的憧憬。”
  When I eventually got onto the plane with a group of seven friends that had come together for the pilgrimage to WYD 2005 in Koeln, Germany, the excitement of traveling outside my country for the first time was palpable. By the end of the two-week experience, I had slowly started to understand the meaning of the “hope” that Pope John Paul II had spoken about in his letter, 20 years earlier. I decided from that moment on; that I would take part in future World Youth Days if possible. I have since participated in the last three editions of WYD, Sydney (2008), Madrid (2011) and most recently in Rio de Janeiro, 23rd-28th July 2013.
  My experience in Rio was both a continuation of my previous WYD encounters and a unique moment of personal and communal expressions of solidarity with other young people from many nations. Indeed, the theme chosen for WYD in Rio, “Go and make disciples of all nations”, led me to a deeper reflection on how the experience in Brazil would transform my own community and projects back in Kenya.
  当我最终搭乘飞机,与其他七个朋友一起来到德国科隆参加2005世界青年日的盛会时,我难掩兴奋之情。两周的活动结束后,我开始慢慢明白教皇约翰·保罗二世20年前在信中所讲的“希望”的含义。从那一刻起,我决定,只要有机会,我一定要参加世界青年日今后的活动。从那之后,我参加了三届世界青年日活动,2008年在悉尼,2011年在马德里和当前的里约热内卢。   里约的经历是我之前参加世界青年日活动的一个延续,也是我个人的一次独特经历,我可以跟来自世界许多国家的青年一起探讨有关团结的话题。里约热内卢世界青年日的主题是“去吧,使万民作我的门徒”,这使我更加深入地思考如何将在巴西的收获运用到我在肯尼亚的社区改革等项目中去。
  I frequently thought of the “nations” beyond geographical boundaries that exist in my own country and that as a young person, I could reach out to: Chronic poverty, exacerbated further by the growing gap between the rich and poor; environmental degradation; strife and tensions more commonly fueled by political…the list was long. It was also a reflection of the situation in the world today, epitomized by the financial crisis and the deepening problem of youth unemployment.
  Despite these challenges, WYD in Rio was for me an encounter of commitment, solidarity and charity. As a young Kenyan, I would take great pride in the reputation of my country as a hospitable nation. However, I experienced much more in Brazil, where despite the differences in culture and language, the hosts were welcoming and always available and keen to offer help.
  Meeting with pilgrims from different countries and learning about their own personal joys, struggles and hope as young people, while discovering the common threads in terms of the challenges we faced was an amazing showcase of solidarity. Solidarity among the challenges, but also in the shared hopes, desires and actions for building a better world. Some of these actions were part of the official program in the days leading up to the WYD week, described as the “mission week”. I was part of an international group of 25 pilgrims from Brazil, Kenya and Taiwan who, in the state of Espirito Santo, took part in the work of Fee Alegria, a social action movement committed to improving the lives of people living in poverty through holistic formation and imparting life skills. Living on a 70 acre farm managed by the movement, we learnt and got involved in organic farming in the vegetable and fruit gardens. We also had the opportunity to visit farmers in the region (Laranja da Terra) and listen to their challenges, such as those of one who explained the difficulties of finding a market and fair price for the tomatoes he grew.
  我经常想到不受地理界线限制的“民族”,这种情况在我的国家也存在。作为一个年轻人,我还想到其他现象:贫富差距进一步加剧了由于长期贫穷、环境恶化、政治原因导致的冲突和紧张局势……诸如此类,不一而足。由于金融危机爆发和青年失业率加剧,这样的情况在当今世界很普遍。
  尽管我们面临这些挑战,在里约举办的世界青年日活动仍旧是一个义务、团结和慈爱的际会。作为一个年轻的肯尼亚人,我非常骄傲我的祖国是一个友善的国家。然而,我在巴西体验到了更多的友善,尽管我们的文化和语言存在诸多不同,主办方还是欢迎来自世界的青年人,他们随时准备伸出援手。
  与来自世界各地的青年人会面,了解他们的喜怒哀乐后,我发现我们面临着相同的挑战,这恰好说明了我们应该团结。世界青年日活动中有一部分官方活动被称为“任务周”。我当时是一个由25人组成的国际团队中的一员,我们分别来自巴西、肯尼亚和台湾。在圣埃斯皮里图州,我们加入了费阿莱格里亚的社会工作,这项行动致力于通过构建全面的生活模式和传授生活技能改善贫困人口的生活。我们住在费阿莱格里亚行动管理的一个70公顷的农场里,亲身劳作,学习种植有机蔬菜和水果。此外,我们还有机会去拜访当地的农民,倾听他们的苦恼,比如他们中有人提到为其栽种的西红柿找到合适市场和售价的困难。   This experience was one that I found especially relevant and inspiring, to my work as the founder/director of the Catholic Youth Network for Environmental Sustainability in Africa (CYNESA). As a network that focuses on harnessing the energies, passion and commitment of young people in Africa towards achieving environmental sustainability, World Youth Day in Rio helped me to better understand how care of the environment affects the quality of my relationship with God, with other people and with creation itself. Since education and awareness creation on environmental issues is of pivotal importance to CYNESA, I found both the practical and educational environmental themes embedded into the organizational and other aspects of the WYD program a great sign of hope-for the participants and hosts- that the call to restoring right relationships with creation and with people.
  这样的经历让我觉得很受启发,对我创建非洲天主教青年环境可持续组织的工作很有帮助。非洲天主教青年环境可持续组织致力于调动年轻人的能量、激情和承诺在非洲实现环境可持续性。里约热内卢的世界青年日使我明白,呵护自然会拉近我与上帝、他人和自然本身之间的距离。环境保护意识的提升和环境相关知识的教育对非洲天主教青年环境可持续组织来说至关重要,这也印证了世界青年日所提出的希望。无论是对参与者还是主办者来说,希望就是重建人与自然间和谐的关系。
  During the WYD week in Rio, Pope Francis continued putting across the message for the need to care for creationUpon his election as Bishop of Rome, he chose the name ‘Francis’. St. Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of ecology in the Church, and greatly inspires many to this day by his example of choosing to live a poor and humble life of service. The choice of the name ‘Francis’, therefore, clearly indicated the intention of the new Pope to renew the efforts of the Church in its missionary endeavor of serving the poor and commitment to sustainable living in caring for creation. More explicitly, in his homily during the inauguration Mass, Pope Francis called on leaders in different spheres of life to be responsive to the needs of the weakest in society and to the environment. “Please, I would like to ask all those who have positions of responsibility in economic, political and social life, and all men and women of goodwill: let us be “protectors” of creation, protectors of God’s plan inscribed in nature, protectors of one another and of the environment.” He went on to point out that this responsibility, this call to be “protectors”, was a duty for all of humanity. Pope Francis took advantage of World Environment Day, celebrated globally every July 5th, to emphasize the importance of avoiding food waste, in a world in which people, especially in the global south, still experience food shortages. This call fit in very well with this year’s theme proposed by UNEP of “Think, Eat, Save”, in relation to the concerns of food waste.   Back to the WYD week, it was no surprise, therefore, that Pope Francis drew attention to the Amazon Basin, and the communities living there, calling for its respect and protection rather than indiscriminate destruction, considering it to be of particular relevance for the present and future of the Brazilian Church and entire society. As a young Kenyan, these concerns expressed by the Holy Father resonated strongly in my mind and heart, bearing in mind the fact that my country is yet to achieve the internationally recommended forest cover of 10%. In the Central Africa region, the Congo Basin, second only to the Amazon in terms of biodiversity, is also under severe threat occasioned by destruction of forests and poaching, the latter being of particular concern in Kenya too as evidenced by the rise in killings of elephants and rhinos.
  在里约世界青年日活动期间,教皇佛朗西斯继续号召大家保护造物者的杰作。在他参选罗马教皇的时候,选用了名字“佛朗西斯”。阿西西的圣弗朗西斯在教会中是生态的守护神,正是受了他的启示,教皇佛朗西斯才决定要清贫、谦卑地度过一生。因此,他的名字“佛朗西斯”明确地表现了这位主教继续为穷人和苍生服务的决心。在他的就职弥撒讲道中,佛朗西斯呼吁在不同生活领域的领导者,响应社会弱势群体的需要,保护环境。“请允许我呼吁所有在经济、政治和社会生活中担负责任的人们,以及所有善良的人们:让我们成为苍生的‘保护神’,自然中神的旨意的‘保护神’和环境的‘保护神’。”他继续指出这种“保护神”的责任属于全人类。教皇佛朗西斯借着每年7月5日世界环境日的机会,强调杜绝食物浪费的重要性。要知道世界上还有人,特别是世界南半球的人,还经受着食物短缺和饥荒的困难。这与今年联合国环境署就食物浪费提出的主题不谋而合——“思前,食后,厉行节约”。
  在世界青年日活动上,教皇佛朗西斯还提请大家关注亚马逊河流域以及那里的居民,呼吁人们尊重和保护它,而不是不分青红皂白地破坏。该流域的发展与巴西教会,乃至整个社会的现状和未来息息相关。作为一个年轻的肯尼亚人,圣父表达的这些担忧在我的脑海和心中强烈地回响,而我铭记的事实表明,我自己的国家尚未达到国际上建议的10%的森林覆盖率。在中部非洲地区,刚果河流域的生态多样性仅次于亚马逊河流域,但是由于乱砍乱伐和无节制的狩猎,该地区的森林和生物多样性遭受严重威胁。非法狩猎也是肯尼亚正面临的一个难题,近年来,越来越多的大象和犀牛遭到捕杀。
  Quite curiously, the World Youth Day took place in Rio, just a year after the city played host to the Rio+20 meeting, which provided a global platform to highlight pressing issues in the quest to secure global sustainable development. World Youth Day was also held in the context of an evolving process, the Post-2015 Development Agenda. In my view, Pope Francis did send a message in both words and actions during the World Youth Day, to both the young pilgrims and the whole world, that the dignity of the human person is the foundation of a moral vision for society. Three other principles of Catholic Social Teaching, and which featured prominently during Pope Francis’ visit to Brazil, namely the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, care for creation and solidarity are all elements that are emerging as key in the post-2015 dialogue. However, these elements and aspirations are also shared by the young people I encountered on the streets of Rio, who despite the differences based on where they came from, were united by their faith and the pursuit for justice and peace in a world fragmented by violence and conflict.   Looking forward to the next WYD set to take place in 2016, in Krakow, Poland, the city of Pope John Paul II, founder of the World Youth Days, the personal experience of the program in Rio will certainly be reflected in the work of CYNESA. Our horizon of “nations” will definitely expand as we engage more young people in Africa in our quest to make a positive contribution towards achieving environmental sustainability in cities and towns, but also in our collaborations in the global development agenda through agencies such and UNEP and UN Habitat, both conveniently based in my own city, Nairobi.
  世界青年日紧随“里约+20”会议后一年召开,为解决全球面临的紧迫问题、寻求可持续发展提供了平台。世界青年日活动是一个不断发展的过程,已经有2015年后的发展计划。在我看来,教皇佛朗西斯在世界青年日上传递给我们的信息既是语言上的,又是行动上的。他提醒所有朝圣者和全世界,人类的尊严是社会道德愿景的基础。教皇佛朗西斯访问巴西期间还突出强调了其他三个天主教社会的教义原则:优先照顾穷人和弱势群体,保护自然和团结苍生,这些都是2015年后发展计划的关键。这些观点和愿望与我在里约热内卢街头遇到的年轻人所盼望的一样,尽管他们来自不同的社会背景,但共同的信仰和追求使他们团结在一起,那就是寻求世界的正义与和平,保护地球不被暴力和冲突破坏。
  我期待着2016年在波兰克拉科夫举办的下一届世界青年日活动。那里是世界青年日创办者教皇约翰·保罗二世的家乡。我会把在里约热内卢学到的经验带回非洲天主教青年环境可持续组织。随着我们带动越来越多的年轻人加入到实现环境可持续发展的行动中,我们对于“民族”的定义会扩展。我们也会通过与联合国环境署和联合国人居署的合作,进一步与全球环境保护行动的接轨。这两个组织都位于我们所在的城市内罗毕。
  World Youth Day in Rio, was for me a call to mission and a renewal of my commitment to solidarity and charity, heeding the call to “Go and make disciples of all nations”. I came away with an even stronger sense of hope that Pope John Paul II spoke about in his Apostolic Letter for the UN International Youth Year twenty eight years ago, and reinforced by his predecessors, Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI and Pope Francis. It is a hope that many other young people share for their lives, communities and life projects, in building a civilization of love and a better world.
  里约的世界青年日号召我秉承团结和慈爱的理念,践行“去吧,使万民作我的门徒”的使命。我能强烈地感觉到教皇约翰·保罗二世在给其使徒的信中所传达的希望,这种希望被他的继任者——名誉教宗本笃十六世和教皇佛朗西斯进一步延续和加强,这种希望预示着更多年轻人会投身于建设一个充满爱的世界的行动中来。
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【摘要】目的:通过观察,比较静脉输液穿刺拔针后按压点的选择和方法,对局部发生皮下淤血的影响。方法:对116例病人静脉穿刺拔针后的按压部位,选用只按压皮肤进针点和按压皮肤进针点及其上方0.5~0.7cm。结果:皮下淤血率分别为28.3%和8.92%,二者比较有极显著差异,P<0.01。结论:静脉输液穿刺拔针按压点,选择皮肤进针点及其上方0.5~0.7cm(即血管进针处),可有效减少血管渗漏性损伤,防
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【关键词】护理书写 医疗纠纷 防范    2002年9月1日实施的新的《医疗事故处理条例》等法律法规的实施,更加明确了护理记录在医疗事故中的作用。因此,护理记录的质量在预防医疗纠纷中是何等重要。    1护理书写中存在的问题    1.1护理记录相符性差  1.1.1 记录医疗不相符,如阴道出血的病人,护理记录中有阴道出血,而在医生的病程记录中则是无阴道出血。  1.1.2 医嘱开的时间与护士执行
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