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许多天然药用植物对果蔬采后病原真菌具有很好的抑菌效果,意大利青霉和指状青霉是引起柑橘采后青霉病和绿霉病的病原菌。前期针对这2种病原菌筛选抑菌药用植物,发现肉桂具有明显的抑菌效果。实验以意大利青霉和指状青霉为供试菌,采用超声波法提取肉桂中抑菌物质,通过单因素实验和响应面分析法研究了超声提取时间、提取温度和料液比对肉桂抑菌活性的影响。采用牛津杯法测定抑菌活性,并进一步测定其对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率和病原菌菌丝形态的影响。结果表明:肉桂抑菌物质最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度90%、提取温度30℃、提取时间0.5 h、料液比为1:26。在此提取条件下的肉桂提取物对意大利青霉和指状青霉的综合抑菌效果最好,其抑菌圈直径分别为20.64、23.96 mm。肉桂提取物可以抑制2种青霉菌的孢子萌发,影响菌丝的生长发育,并且其对2种病原菌孢子萌发抑制率及抑菌效果随肉桂提取物浓度的升高而升高。
Many natural medicinal plants have good bacteriostatic effect on postharvest pathogenic fungi of fruits and vegetables. Penicillium italicum and Penicillium albopictus are the pathogenic bacteria that cause citrus postharvest blue mold and green mold disease. Pre-screening of these two kinds of pathogenic bacteriostasis medicinal plants, found that cinnamon has obvious inhibitory effect. Experiments to Penicillium italicum and Penicillium indicum for the test, ultrasonic extraction of antibacterial substances in cinnamon, single factor experiments and response surface analysis of ultrasonic extraction time, extraction temperature and the ratio of liquid to cinnamon antibacterial Effect of activity. The antibacterial activity was determined by the method of oxford cup and the effect on the spore germination inhibition rate and pathogenic mycelium morphology of the pathogen was further determined. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of bacteriostasis substances were ethanol concentration 90%, extraction temperature 30 ℃, extraction time 0.5 h and solid-liquid ratio 1:26. The extract of cinnamon under this condition had the best antibacterial activity against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium citrinum, and its antibacterial circle diameters were respectively 20.64 and 23.96 mm. Cinnamon extract can inhibit the spore germination of two kinds of Penicillium spores, affecting the growth and development of mycelium, and its inhibitory rate and bacteriostatic effect on spore germination of two kinds of pathogens increased with the concentration of cinnamon extract increased.