目的:调查急诊重症监护室(EICU)侵袭性真菌病的流行病学和菌群特征,半乳甘露聚糖及(1,3)-β-葡聚糖的检验值,提高急诊医生对真菌感染的认识,为临床诊治提供科学依据,有效改善患者预后。方法:回顾性分析我院的EICU 2013-01-01-2017-03-31收治的290例侵袭性真菌病患者的流行病学资料,包括患者性别、年龄、发病季节、年份、发病部位及基础疾病。根据侵袭性真菌病指南提出的分层诊断标准,将290例患者分为拟诊组(73例)、临床诊断组(163例)和确诊组(54例)。比较各临床分组间患者(1,3)-β-葡聚糖及半乳甘露聚糖的检验值,统计分析确诊组患者的病原学资料。结果:(1)290例侵袭性真菌病患者,男175例、女115例,平均(58.2±18.8)岁,主要为41~79岁的中老年患者共计199例(68.6%)。(2)侵袭性真菌感染呈现逐年上升趋势,2013年仅5例,2016年迅速增加至132例。夏季发病最多27.2%,冬季最少23.1%。感染部位以呼吸系统为主(72.8%),其次为消化系统(17.2%)和泌尿系统(8.6%)。(3)80例(27.6%)患者存在免疫功能障碍,72例(24.8%)患者合并结缔组织病,糖尿病、慢性肺病和肾脏衰竭均是真菌感染的高危因素。(4)检出假丝酵母菌45株,曲霉菌8株,阿萨希毛孢子菌1株。临床诊断和确诊组患者的(1,3)-β-葡聚糖和半乳甘露聚糖值较拟诊组显著增高,差异有统计学意义。结论:EICU侵袭性真菌病患者男性较多,以中老年人群为主,呈逐年上升趋势,季节分布较均衡。真菌感染部位以呼吸和消化系统为主,菌谱以念珠菌和曲霉为主,确诊组患者的(1,3)-β-葡聚糖和半乳甘露聚糖检验值较拟诊组显著升高。 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological and microbial characteristics of aggressive mycosis in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU), the test values ​​of galactomannan and (1,3) -β-glucan, and to improve the efficacy of emergency physicians on fungal infections Understanding, provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, effectively improve the prognosis of patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of epidemiological data of 290 patients with invasive mycosis admitted to our hospital’s EICU 2013-01-01-2017-03-31, including patient’s sex, age, season of onset, year, location and basis of disease disease. According to the stratified diagnostic criteria of invasive mycosis guidelines, 290 patients were divided into the trial group (73 cases), the clinical diagnosis group (163 cases) and the diagnosed group (54 cases). The test values ​​of patients (1,3) -β-glucan and galactomannan in each clinical group were compared and the etiological data of the patients diagnosed were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) There were 290 cases of invasive mycosis in 175 males and 115 females with an average age of 58.2 ± 18.8 years (199 cases, 68.6%), mainly aged 41-79 years old. (2) Invasive fungal infections showed an upward trend year by year, only 5 in 2013 and rapidly increased in 2016 to 132. Up to 27.2% in summer and at least 23.1% in winter. Infections were mainly respiratory (72.8%), followed by digestive (17.2%) and urinary (8.6%). (3) Eighty patients (27.6%) had immune dysfunction, and 72 (24.8%) patients had connective tissue disease. Diabetes, chronic lung disease and renal failure were risk factors of fungal infection. (4) Candida candida 45, Aspergillus 8, Aspergillus acitreas 1 were detected. The values ​​of (1,3) -β-glucan and galactomannan in patients diagnosed and diagnosed were significantly higher than those in the diagnosed group, with statistical significance. Conclusion: There are more males in EICU with invasive fungal disease, mainly in middle-aged and elderly population, showing an upward trend year by year and a more balanced seasonal distribution. Fungal infection sites mainly respiratory and digestive system, bacteria spectrum to Candida and Aspergillus-based, patients diagnosed with (1,3) -β-glucan and galactomannan test values ​​were significantly higher than the proposed group high.