目的　寻觅诊断小儿肾发育不良最好的检查方法。方法　对 7例正常排尿的间歇期有会阴部滴尿的患儿 ,均经超声、单光子发射计算机断层肾动态显像 (SPECT)、静脉尿路造影、(IVU)和CT尿路成像 (CTU)检查。并对照术后诊断 ,比较CTU、IVU、超声、SPECT对肾发育不良的诊断符合率。结果　 7例患儿的发育不良肾CTU均清晰显示 ,左侧 3例 ,右侧 4例。增强后实质期图像示病变侧腰大肌前方明显强化的肾样小结节 ,分泌期图像可显示集合系统及输尿管腔 ,MPR、3D、4D像直观、立体 ,显示了发育不良肾的大小、位置、轮廓及其输尿管走行。CTU诊断符合率 10 0 %。ECT检查仅 1例显示发育不良肾 ,诊断符合率 14 .3% (1/ 7)。IVU、B超均未能显示发育不良的肾和输尿管。CTU的诊断符合率明显高于SPECT、IVU及B超。结论　如疑有肾发育不良或经超声初步检查仅发现一个肾 ,应行CTU检查 ,以明确是否为单侧肾发育不良。CTU是目前诊断肾发育不良最准确的非创伤性影像检查方法 Objective To find the best method for the diagnosis of pediatric renal dysplasia. Methods Seven cases of normal urination with intermittent urinary perineal episodes were examined by ultrasound, single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), intravenous urography (IVU) and CT urography )an examination. According to the postoperative diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of CTU, IVU, ultrasonography and SPECT in renal dysplasia was compared. Results 7 cases of dysplastic renal CTU were clearly showed that the left side in 3 cases, the right side in 4 cases. Enhanced real-time image showed lesions in front of the psoas muscle significantly enhanced renal nodules, secretory images can show the collection system and ureteral lumen, MPR, 3D, 4D like an intuitive, three-dimensional, showing the size of the dysplastic kidney, Location, contour and ureteral walking. CTU diagnosis coincidence rate of 10%. Only one case of ECT showed dysplastic kidney, the diagnostic accuracy was 14.3% (1/7). IVU, B-ultrasound failed to show dysplastic kidney and ureter. The diagnostic accuracy of CTU was significantly higher than that of SPECT, IVU and B-ultrasound. Conclusion If renal dysplasia is suspected or only one kidney is found after initial examination by ultrasound, CTU should be performed to determine whether it is unilateral renal dysplasia. CTU is the most accurate noninvasive imaging method for the diagnosis of renal dysplasia