AIM: To investigate the relationship between Fas gene expression and calcium influx change in peroxide-induced apoptotic hepatocytes and the possible molecular mechanism of Rxa in protecting hepatocytes. METHODS: Single-cell Fas mRNA expression in H2O2-exposed L02 hepatocytes with or without treatment of Rxa, an extract from an anti-peroxidant, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, was determined by all-cell patch clamp and single-cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transient calcium influx change ([Ca2+]i) in the cells was evaluated with all-cell patch clamp micro-fluorescence single-cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration technique. Fas protein expression, early apoptotic index (annexin-V+) and cell membrane change in the cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry (FCM) and scan electron microscopy respectively. RESULTS: In cells exposed to H2O2 for 2 h, the specific lane for Fas mRNA was vivid on electrophoresis, with increased Fas protein expression, [Ca2+]i(from 143.66±34.21 to 1115.28±227.16), annexin-V+ index (from 4.00±0.79 to 16.18±0.72) and membrane vesicle formation. However, in cells exposed to H2O2 but pre-treated with Rxa, there was no increase in Fas mRNA or protein expression and [Ca2+]i (103.56±28.92). Annexin-V+ index (8.92±1.44) was lower than the controls (P<0.01), and the cell membrane was intact. CONCLUSION: H2O2 induces apoptosis of L02 cells by increasing cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and inducing Fas mRNA and protein expression. Rxa protects the L02 cells from apoptosis through anti-peroxidation, inhibition of calcium overloading and prevention of the activation of cytosolic Fas signal pathway. AIM: To investigate the relationship between Fas gene expression and calcium influx change in peroxide-induced apoptotic hepatocytes and the possible molecular mechanism of Rxa in protecting hepatocytes. METHODS: Single-cell Fas mRNA expression in H2O2-exposed L02 hepatocytes with or without treatment of Rxa, an extract from an anti-peroxidant, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, was determined by all-cell patch clamp and single-cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transient calcium influx change ([Ca2 +] i) Fas protein expression, early apoptotic index (annexin-V +) and cell membrane change in the cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry (FCM) and scan RESULTS: In cells exposed to H2O2 for 2 h, the specific lane for Fas mRNA was vivid on electrophoresis, with increased Fas protein expression, [ However, in cells exposed to H2O2 but pre-treated with Rxa, there was no no change in the expression of annexin-V + index (from 4.00 ± 0.79 to 16.18 ± 0.72) and membrane vesicle formation increase in Fas mRNA or protein expression and [Ca2 +] i (103.56 ± 28.92). Annexin-V + index (8.92 ± 1.44) was lower than the controls (P <0.01), and the cell membrane was intact. CONCLUSION: H2O2 induces apoptosis of L02 cells by increasing cytosolic [Ca2 +] i, and inducing Fas mRNA and protein expression. Rxa protects the L02 cells from apoptosis through anti-peroxidation, inhibition of calcium overloading and prevention of the activation of cytosolic Fas signal pathway.