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吐哈盆地是典型的煤成油气盆地。其主要成烃贡献组分为基质镜质体。应用重液分离富集技术获得较高纯度的单显微组分，并采用核磁共振波谱（13CNMR）和热解气相色谱（Py－GC）对其生烃性进行评价。结果表明，显微组分生油能力大小顺序为孢子体、角质体、基质镜质体、木栓质体和丝质体，基质镜质体生油能力为孢子体的一半；进入生油高峰早晚顺序为基质镜质体、角质作、木栓质体、孢子体。在此基础上，结合显微组分荧光机理，并考虑显微组分在烃源岩中所占比例，建立了吐哈盆地煤及其显微组分生烃模式。通过煤相分析，指出下三角洲平原及其上发育的分流间湾沼泽是煤系烃源岩发育的有利场所，流水沼泽相是煤成烃最有利相带。依据化学键能分析，提出O、S等杂原子的存在是煤中有机显微组分早期成烃的先决条件，非烃在煤成烃演化进程中具有重要作用。
Turpan-Hami basin is a typical coal into gas and oil basin. Its main contribution to hydrocarbon composition of the matrix vitrinite. The single-component with higher purity was obtained by using heavy-liquid separation and enrichment technology, and its hydrocarbon generation was evaluated by 13C NMR and Py-GC. The results showed that the order of microspheres’ ability to generate oil was sporophyte, keratoplast, matrix vitrinite, cork apatite and silk fibroin, and the matrix vitrinite had half the capacity of producing spores; Morning and evening order for the matrix vitrinite, keratinized, cork plastids, sporophytes. On this basis, combining with the fluorescence mechanism of the microscopic components and considering the proportion of the microscopic components in the source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation modes of the coal and its micro-components in the Turpan-Hami Basin are established. Through the coal phase analysis, it is pointed out that the lower delta plain and the shunt bay swamp developed above it are favorable sites for the development of coal-bearing source rocks. The flowing swamp facies is the most favorable facies belt for coal formation. Based on the analysis of chemical bond energies, it is proposed that the presence of heteroatoms such as O and S is a prerequisite for the early hydrocarbon generation of organic components in coal. Non-hydrocarbon plays an important role in the process of coal hydrocarbon evolution.