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在新疆的地名中,最奇特、复杂的莫过于别失八里;而且随着时间的推移和境物的变迁,又不断地赋予别失八里以新的或更丰富的内涵。因而常使人以此为彼,或彼此不分,不少有迷离、混淆之处。每接触这一问题,不禁常发杞忧,认为有加以综述的必要:彼此沟通,有助于切磋。 别失八里于五城 “五城”的名称在唐代即已出现。《旧唐书·地理志》:“后汉车师后王庭,胡故庭有五城,俗云‘五城之地’。”《突厥文毗伽可汗碑》:“朕年三十,击‘五城之地’”。这座碑立于唐玄宗天宝十二年(753)。这一时期的“五城之地”就叫五城,不叫别失八里。别失八里这一名称的出现,是在唐文宗开成五年(840)回鹘西迁北庭之时或其后不久。别失八里是突厥语的汉语音译。突厥语“别失”义为“五”,“八里”义为“城”,连缀起来,即“五城”之意。可知别失八里即等于五城,它们是同义语。别失八里还有另外几种译写,如别石把、鳖思马、别十八里、别石八里、别失拔里、别失八刺哈思、巴什伯里等等;不过《元史》和《明史》多作别失八里。
Among the names of places in Xinjiang, the most peculiar and complex are those that do not lose eight miles. Moreover, as time goes by and changes in the objects, they continue to give new or richer connotations. So often people take this as one, or each other, many confused, confusing place. Every contact with this issue, can not help but often troubleshoot, think there is a need to review: to communicate with each other, help to learn from. Do not lose eight miles in the five cities, “five cities,” the name has appeared in the Tang Dynasty. “Old Tang Geography”: “After the late Han car division Wang Ting, Wu Ting five tribes, vulgar clouds ’five cities of the land.’” “Turkic language adjacent Gachan monument”: “thirty years, Hit ’five cities of land’. ” This monument stands in the Tang Xuanzong Tianbao twelve years (753). This period of “five cities of the land” is called five city, not called do not lose eight miles. Do not lose eight miles in the name of the emergence of the Tang Wenzong opened five years (840) back to the west when the North Court or soon after. Do not lose Bali is a Turkic Chinese transliteration. Turkic “Do not lose” meaning “five”, “Pali” meaning “city”, even up, that is, “five cities” meaning. Known to lose eight miles that is equal to five cities, they are synonymous. Do not lose eight miles There are several other translations, such as Do not stone, turtle thinking horse, do not eighteen years, do not stone Bali, do not pull out, do not lose the eight Thorns, Bashbury, etc .; but “ Yuan Shi ”and“ Ming Dynasty ”do more than eight miles.