前言过去对中国宋至清代书院地理分布的研究,仅依赖于一些有限的有时甚至是来路不明的资料,并且是以清朝的省份作为分析单位的。这些资料主要是清朝的地名词典、《宋元学案》,以及《续文献通考》、《古今图书集成》之类百科全书式的图书。这种研究涉及历史编纂和方法论而存在一些问题。第一,有关过去的机构如书院的现存数目,必须经过一组历史镜头进行折射,即这些机构是当年的人进行有选择的判断后才决定记录下来的,而且历 Preface The past study of the geographical distribution of the Song and Qing dynasties academies in China only relied on limited and sometimes even unsolicited data and were based on the provinces of the Qing dynasty. These materials are mainly the Qing dynasties Dictionary of Dictionaries, “case study of the Song and Yuan Dynasties,” and encyclopedic books such as “Continued Literature Examination” and “Ancient and Modern Books Integration”. There are some problems with this kind of research involving historical codification and methodology. First, the existing number of past institutions, such as academies, must be refracted by a series of historical footage, that is, they were decided upon by the people of that year before deciding to record them. Moreover,