乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染引起器质性病变和死亡,也导致医疗费用的增加。HBV的感染是地方性的,而工业化国家中对HBV的暴露则在那些由于职业、疾病或个人习惯而经常接触血液、血液制品或其它体液的人们中占优势。迄今对急性肝炎尚无特殊的有效治疗,对肝炎后遗症如慢性活动性肝炎的治疗亦不理想。预防性措施仅限于避免病毒的传播和对不可避免或已知暴露者作效果有限的被动免疫。与上述情况相反,一种新近应用疫苗接种可望得到预期的效果。虽然疫苗的高效与安全已在高危险人群的临床实验中得到证实,但其应用的特异性指征仍必须予以确定。我们应用决策分析以估计对不同危险人 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes organic disease and death, also led to an increase in medical costs. Infection with HBV is endemic, whereas exposure to HBV in industrialized countries dominates those who have frequent exposure to blood, blood products or other body fluids due to occupation, illness or personal habits. So far no special effective treatment of acute hepatitis, hepatitis sequelae such as chronic active hepatitis treatment is not satisfactory. Preventive measures are limited to avoiding the spread of the virus and passive immunization with limited effectiveness against unavoidable or known exposures. Contrary to the above, a recent application of vaccination is expected to deliver the desired results. Although the vaccine’s efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in clinical trials in high-risk groups, the specific indications for its use still need to be determined. We apply a decision analysis to estimate the risk for different people